Himalayas Indian Geography English medium Mains Previous yeas Questions Answer Kannada medium prelims

 Write below given points in 50 words

 

I. The Siwaliks or the Outer Himalayas

1. The outermost range of the Himalaya, extending over 2400 Kilometer, running from Indus to Brahmaputra

2 The height of the chain varies from 600 meter to 1500 metre 

3. The Siwaliks are characterized by faults , duns

4. Important hills of the Siwalik Range consist Dafla, Miri, Abor, Mishmi at Arunachal Pradesh

5.Jammu Hills in Jam

II Himachal

1. Lie to the north of the Siwalik Range.

2. Flat bottom longitudinal valleys called "duns" in the central part, covered with gravel and alluvium, separate the Siwaliks from the Lesser Himalayas. The examples include Dehradun, Kothridun and Patlidun.

3.The Lesser Himalayas form the most intricate and rugged mountainous system, 60-80 km wide and 1000-4500 m. high.

4. The various westward running ranges are the Pir Panjal, Dhaula Dhar. Mahabharat and the Mussorie ranges.

5.On Dhaula Dhar are situated the hill stations of Simla (2205 m.) and Pir Panjal.

6.The Pir Panjal and the Banihal are the two main passes in this range.

7. Between the Pir Panjal and the Zaskar lies the Valley of Kashmir about 150 km long and 80 km wide.

Important Ranges Himachal

1.Pir Panjal Range (400 km long) longest range of the Himalaya

2.Dhaula Dhar Range

3.Nag Tibba Range

4. Mussorie Range (2000 - 

2,600m)

5. Mahabharat Range (N

III.  Himadri

1. The Greater Himalayas, also called the Himadri and the Bahirgiri in the ancient literature, is a lone continuous and the highest range in the world with an average height of 6100 meters above sea level

2. Himalayas has many peaks above 8000 m., such as Mt. Everest (8848m). Kanchenjunga (8598 m.). Makala (8481m), Dhaulagiri ( 8072m ) Mansale (8156m), Che Oyu (8153m). Nanga Parbat (8126m) and Annapurna (8036m.) . 

3. The range can be crossed by only few passes, which are store bound throughout the year. These passes are the Burzil pass and the Zozi La pass  in Jammu and Kashmir, the Bara Lacha la and the Shipki La in Himachal, the Thoga La, the Niti  pass and the Lipu Lekh in Uttaranchal and the Natu  La and the Jelep La in Sikkim .. These passes generally lie at an altitude of 4570 m. and are used for crossing the Himalayas. They have in the past provided important means of communication between Tibet  and India

4 The Zaskar Range lies to the west of the Greater Himalaya. The Nanga Parbat (8126 m.) forms its culmination in the northwest. The average height is beyond 6000 m. Although geographically it confined to Kashmir-Himachal Pradesh-Garhwal region, it continues eastwards in the Dhaulagiri further cast. Important peaks are Kamet ( 7756 m) Nanda Devi (7817m) and Gurla Mandhata (7728 m.)

5. Beyond the Zaskar is the gorge of Indus

IV Karakoram Range

1.The Karakoram, also called the Krishnagiri in ancient Sanskrit literature, lies to the north of the Indus

2. The Karakoram range extends from the Pamir, east of the Gilgit River crossing the regions of Gilgit Balistan and Laddakh in Kashmir for about 600 km.

3. Its northern limit is marked by the Pamir and the Aghil Mountains and the Yarkand River, and on the south it is confined by the River Indus and its tributary the Shyok. The general elevation does not fall below 5500 m. and the average width is 120-140 km.

4. The Karakoram Range has some of the highest peaks in the world including Mt. K2 (8611 m) 

V. Laddakh Range

1. South of the Karakoram Range, between the Indus and its tributary the Shyok. is the Laddakh Range. The important peaks are Mt. Rakaposhi (7880m) and Gurla Mandhata (7728 m).

2. The Kailash Range is an offshoot of the Laddakh range. Its average elevation is 5500-6000 m. and the average width is 30 km. The highest peak is Mt. Kailash (6714 m)

VI. The Purvanchal (The North Eastern Highlands)

1. After crossing the Dihang gorge in the east, the Himalayas bend towards south forming a series of hills with a north-south trend but slightly arcuate with the convex side facing west. It may be further subdivided into  Naga Hills, the Manipur Hills, the North Cachar Hills, the Mizo Hills and the Tripura Hills.

2. Also consist  Mishmi hills and the Patkai Bum (range).

3. The Naga Hills form the watershed between Nagaland and Myanmar. Saramati (3826 m) is the highest peak.

4. The larger portion of the hilly belt between Meghalaya and the North Eastern ranges is known as the North Cachar Hills.