Marriage IAS Mains Question Sociology Optional
Marriage IAS Mains Question
What
do you mean by marriage and family? Discuss the structural and functional
changes in modern society. (I.A.S 2011)
Ans.
1. According
to Anderson, marriage is an institution sanctioned by society to establish a
durable bond between men and women
2. Marriage
permit sexual intercourse for the purpose of parenthood and for establishing a
family.
3. Marriage
publicly recognized and culturally sanctioned union between a male and female.
4. Marriage
is also the approved social pattern in which two or more person establish a
family.
5. Marriage
is also concerned with the acceptance of new status with a new set of obligation
which is recognized by others.
6. According
to G.P. Murdock family is a social group consisting of male and female having
socially approved social relationship, living together, sharing a common
household with or without children of their own or adopted, married, unmarried.
7. According
to Murdock there are various forms of family such as nuclear family, extended
family, etc.
8. To
Malinowski, family is the cornerstone of human society.
9. The
family is also the basic unit of society as man is born in the family
10.
It is the family in which man learns language, the behavioral
patterns and social norms in his childhood.
11. The
system of family has undergone qualitative changes in modern society because of
industrialization, urbanization, migration, revolution in the field of
transport and communication, increasing influence of individualistic philosophy
of life.
12. William
J. Goode have raised the question whether the system of family is disappearing.
13.
Industrialization and the process
of urbanization have transformed method of production, migration,
social mobility and psychological relationship.
14
The modern family is no more a unit of production in urban
societies
15. In
Industrial society, industrialists own the method of production and workers
work in industries. At the same time residence and place of work are not the
same.
16. In
Industrial society, physical proximity of the family members is gradually diminishing.
17. Both
husband and wife are working in modern society independently.
18. The
women's economic dependence on men is decreasing and it has generated a sense
of independent life.
19. In
place of joint extended families, nuclear and individualistic families are
coming into existence which is following small family norms with one or two
children.
20. K.
M. Kapadia argued that family is changing and there is also tendency towards
the small or nuclear family.
21. William
J. Goode also argued that with the advent of industrialization, family
structure witnessed a change.
22. Talcott
Parsons opined that in modern industrial society nuclear family has emerged as
a typical characteristics.
23. The
present nuclear family is structurally isolated because it does not have a link
with wider kinship organization.
24. In
recent times, sociologists have also picked up new trends in family system such
as decrease in family size, increase in single parenthood family, and increase
in unmarried parenthood.