92 A1 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act 23Feb


Part A 

Qts 1. Explain 73rd  Constitutional Amendment Act of 1992

 73rd  Constitutional Amendment Act of 1992 deals Rural  Local Government

 

Qts 2 . Explain structure of Rural local Government 

Gram Panchayat in village level,

Taluk Panchayat in taluk level

Zilla Panchayat in District level 


Qts 3 .Who will elect members of panchayat

People


Qts 4.  Who will  elect chairman for Gram panchayat

Gram Panchayat members


Qts5.Explain  reservation for members in Panchayats 

Panchayat consists reservation for SC ,ST , Women 


Qts6. Explain percentage of women reservation in Panchayat 

Thirty three percent 


Qts7. Write duration of Panchayat

Five years 


Qts8.What is the minimum age required for contesting in election in Gram Panchayat member  

Twenty one year 


Qts9.  What is the minimum age required for contesting in election in Gram Panchayat Chairman 

Twenty five years   


Qts10.Who will conduct Election for Panchayats 

State Election Commission 


Qts11. How Panchayat will get revenue 

Trough tax  and grants in aid 


Qts 12 What is mean by grants in aid 

It is free financial assistance provided by state government top panchayat 


Qts 13  Who will determine grants in distribution between different panchayat 

 State Finance Commission


Qts 14 Who will conduct audit in panchayat 

State Account department 


Qts 15 What is Eleventh schedule 

It deals functions of panchayat 



Part C

Qts 1 . What is Gram Sabha :

It is a village assembly consisting of all the registered voters in the area of Panchayat.


Qts 2. Explain Three-Tier System  of panchayat 

Gram panchayat in village level 

Taluk panchayat in taluk level 

Zilla panchayat in district level 


Qts 3. Write Election of Members and Chairpersons in panchayat

 All the members of Panchayats at the village, intermediate and district levels shall be elected directly by the people. 

Further, the chairperson of Panchayats at the intermediate and district levels shall be elected indirectly by and from amongst the elected members there of .


Qts 4 Write Reservation of Seats  in panchayat 

The Act provides for the reservation of seats for scheduled caste, scheduled tribes in every Panchayat (i.e. at all the three levels) in proportion of their population to the total population in the Panchayat area.

The Act provides for the reservation of not less than one-third of the total number of seats for women (including the number of seats reserved for women belonging the SCs and the STs).

 Further, not less than one-third of the total number of offices of chairpersons in the Panchayats at each level shall be reserved for women.


Qts 5. Write Duration of Panchayats 

The Act provides for a five-year term of office to the Panchayat at every level. 

However, it can be dissolved before the completion of its term. 


Further, fresh election to constitute a Panchayat shall be completed 

(i)before the expiry of its duration of five years, or 

(ii) in case of dissolution. before the expiry of a period of six months from the date of its dissolution.


Qts 6.  Explain role of State Election Commission in panchayat

The superintendence, direction and control of the preparation of electoral rolls and the conduct of all elections to the Panchayats shall be vested in the State Election Commission.

It consists of a State Election Commissioner to be appointed by the Governor. 

His conditions of service and tenure of office shall also be determined by the Governor. 

He shall not be removed from the office except in the manner and on the grounds prescribed for the removal of a judge of the state High Court, and his conditions of service shall not be varied to his disadvantage after his appointment.


Qts 7. Explain Powers and Functions of panchayat 

 The preparation of plans for economic development and social justice

The implementation of schemes for economic development and social justice as may be entrusted to them, including those in relation to the 29 matters listed in the Eleventh Schedule.


Qts 8. Write Finances of panchayat

 Panchayat will levy  collect and appropriate taxes, duties, tolls and fees, 


Qts 9. Write role of State Finance Commission 

The Governor of a state shall  after every five years, constitute a finance Commission to review the financial position of the Panchayats. 

State finance commission determine  taxes, duties, tolls and fees which may be assigned to the Panchayat

State finance commission determine  grant-in-aid provided by state government to panchayat


Qts 10. Write Application of Panchayat Act in  Union Territories 

The President of India may direct that the provisions of this Act shall apply to any union territory subject to such exceptions and modifications as he may specify


Qts 11. Write the States and Areas kept Out from Panchayat Act

The Act does not apply to the states of Jammu and Kashmir, Nagaland, Meghalaya and Mizoram and certain other areas.

 These areas include the scheduled areas and the tribal areas referred to in Article 244 of the Indian Constitution, the hill area of Manipur for which a District Council exist, Darjeeling district of West Bengal for which Darjeeling Gorkha Hill Council exist


Qts 12 Write Bar to Interference by Courts in panchayat

 Validity of any law relating to the delimitation of constituencies or the allotment of seats to such constituencies cannot be questioned in any court.

 It further lays down that no election to any panchayat is to be questioned except by an election petition presented to such authority and in such manner as provided by the state legislature.


Qts 13. Write Eleventh Schedule Panchayats.

It contains the following 29 functional items placed within the purview of panchayats  

1.Agriculture, including agricultural extension

2.Land improvement, implementation of land reforms, land consolidation and soil conservation

3.Minor irrigation, water management and watershed development 

4.Fisheries

5.Social forestry and farm forestry

6.Minor forest produce

7.Small-scale industries, including food processing industries

8.Khadi, village and cottage industries

9.Rural housing

10.Drinking water

11.Fuel and fodder

12.Roads, culverts, bridges, ferries, waterways and other means of communication.

13.Rural electrification, including distribution of electricity 

14.Poverty alleviation program

15.Education, including primary and secondary schools

16.Technical training and vocational education

17.Adult and non-formal education

18.Libraries

19.Cultural activities

20.Markets and fairs

21.Health and sanitation, including hospitals, primary health centers and dispensaries

22.Family welfare

23.Women and child development

24.Social welfare, including welfare of the handicapped and mentally retarded

25.Welfare of the weaker sections, and in particular, of the scheduled castes and the scheduled tribes

26.Public distribution system

27.Maintenance of community assets

28. Non-conventional energy sources


Qts 14 Write Articles related to panchayat


1                           243                   Definition

2                           243A                Gram Sabha 

3                           243B                Constitution of panchayat

4                           243C                Composition of panchayat 

5.                          243D               Reservation of seats

6.                           243E              Duration of panchayats, and so on

7.                           243F              Disqualifications for membership

8.                           243G             Powers, authority and responsibilities of panchayats                            

9.                           243H              Powers to impose taxes by, and funds of, the panchayat

10.                         2431               Constitution of finance commission to review financial position

11.                         243J                Audit of accounts of panchayats 

12.                         243K              Elections to the panchayats

13.                         243L              Application to union territories

14.                         243M             Part not to apply to certain areas

15.                         243N             Continuance of existing laws and panchayats 

16.                         243O             Bar to interference by courts in electoral matters  

 

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