92 B English passage 23 Feb

Passage 1

Read below given  statements 

1. Losing nutrients in this way is not a good practice economically.

2. Water courses do not contain the micro organisms that can decompose organic components of agricultural slurry.

3. The discharge may lead to the eutrophication of water bodies.

Read below given passage

1.The law in many parts of the world increasingly restricts the discharge of agricultural slurry into water courses.

 2.The simplest and often the most economically sound practice returns the material to the land as semisolid manure or as sprayed slurry.

 3.This dilutes its concentration in the environment to what might have occurred in a more primitive and sustainable type of agriculture and converts pollutant into fertilizer.

4. Soil microorganisms decompose the organic components of sewage and slurry and most of the mineral nutrients become available to be absorbed again by the vegetation.

5.The excess input of nutrients, both nitrogen and phosphorus - based, from agricultural runoff (and human sewage) has caused many 'healthy' oligotrophic lakes (low nutrient concentrations, low plant productivity with abundant water weeds, and clear water) to change to eutrophic condition where high nutrient inputs lead to high phytoplankton productivity (sometimes dominated by bloom - forming toxic species).

6.This makes the water turbid, eliminates large plants and, in the worst situations, leads to anoxia and fish kills; so called cultural eutrophication. 

7 .Thus, important ecosystem services are lost, including the provisioning service of wild - caught fish and the cultural services associated with recreation.

8.The process of cultural eutrophication of lakes has been understood for some time.

9..But only recently did scientists notice huge 'dead zones' in the oceans near river outlets, particularly those draining large catchment areas such as the Mississippi in North America and the Yangtze in China.

10.The nutrient- enriched water flows through streams, rivers and lakes, and eventually to the estuary and ocean where the ecological impact may be huge, killing virtually all invertebrates and fish in areas up to 70,000 km² in extent. 

11.More than 150 sea areas worldwide are now regularly starved of oxygen as a result of decomposition of algal blooms, fueled particularly by nitrogen from agricultural runoff of fertilizers and sewage from large cities. 

12.Oceanic dead zones are typically associated with industrialized nations and usually lie off countries that subsidize their agriculture, encouraging farmers to increase productivity and use more fertilizer.

 According to the passage, why should the discharge of agricultural slurry into watercourses be restricted?

Read below statements 

1. Losing nutrients in this way is not a good practice economically.

2. Watercourses do not contain the microorganisms that can decompose organic components of agricultural slurry.

3. The discharge may lead to the eutrophication of water bodies.

Select the correct answer from the codes given below:

(a) 1 only

 (b) 2 and 3 only

(c) 1 and 3 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

Ans. C

Explanation

Discharge of agriculture slurry into the water courses should be restricted, because using this again in the land is the simplest and often the most economically sound practice of returning the nutrients to the land. Discharging slurry into watercourses might makes the water turbid, eliminates large plants and the in worst situation leads to anoxia and kills fish, so called eutrophication of water.

 Passage - 2 :

Read below given statements 

(a) The poor economic and social conditions prevailing in society.

(b) The refusal on the part of man to change his character.

(c) The absence of physical and material help from his society.

(d) Ever increasing physical needs due to changing social structure.

Read below given passage

1.The miseries of the world cannot be cured by physical help only.

2. Until man's nature changes, his physical needs will always arise, and miseries will always be felt, and no amount of physical help will remove them completely. 

3.The only solution of the mother of evil and of all the misery we see. Let men have light, let them be pure and spiritually strong alone will misery cease world. 

4.We may convert every house in the country into a charitable asylum, but human misery will continue until man's character changes.

 According to the passage, which of the following statements is most likely to be true as the reason for man's miseries ?

(a) The poor economic and social conditions prevailing in society.

(b) The refusal on the part of man to change his character.

(c) The absence of physical and material help from his society.

(d) Ever increasing physical needs due to changing social structure.

Ans.B

Explanation

It is clearly mentioned in the passage that Until man's nature changes, his physical needs will arise and miseries be felt always. Hence, (b) is the correct answer.