99 B English Passage 16 Feb

Passage I

Read below given statements 

1. A society where diverse art forms and literary writings seek incentive.

2. A society where social inequalities are accepted as the norm.

3. A society where a large number of contradictions are recognized.

4. A society where the exploited and the oppressed groups grow  conscious of their human rights  and upliftment.

Read below given Passage 

1.The concept of "creative society" refers to a phase of development of a society in which a large number of potential contradictions become articulate and active. 

2.This is most evident when oppressed social groups get demand politically mobilized and demand their rights. 

3.The upsurge of the peasants and tribal, the movements for regional autonomy and self-determination, the environmental movements, and the women's movements in the developing countries are signs of emergence of creative society in contemporary times. 

4.The forms of social movements and their intensity may vary from country to country and place to place within a country. 

5.But the very presence of movements for social transformation in various spheres of a society indicates the emergence of a creative society in a country.

What does the author imply by "creative Society ?

1. A society where diverse art forms and literary writings seek incentive.

2. A society where social inequalities are accepted as the norm.

3. A society where a large number of contradictions are recognized.

4. A society where the exploited and the oppressed groups grow  conscious of their human rights  and upliftment.

(a) 1,2 and 3

(b) 4 only

(c) 3 and 4

(d) 2 and 4

Ans C

Explanation

Nothing has been mentioned in the passage about art forms which makes statement 1 wrong. Social inequalities are not accepted in a creative society. Hence, 2 is also wrong. Whereas statements (3) and (4) are mentioned in the passage.

Passage II

Read below given statement

1. Sea star has a preferred prey.

2. A preferred prey determines the survival of a keystone species.

3.Keystone species ensures species diversity.

4. Sea star is the only keystone species on the Pacific coast of North America.

Read below given passage 

1. A species that exerts an influence out of proportion to its abundance in an ecosystem is called a keystone species. 

2. The keystone species may influence both the species richness of  community and the flow of energy and materials through ecosystems. 

3.The sea star Piaster ochraceous, which lives in rocky intertidal ecosystems on the Pacific coast of North America, is also an example of a keystone species. Its preferred prey is the mussel Mytilus californianus.

4. In the absence of sea stars, these mussels crowd out other competitors in a broad belt of the intertidal zone. 

5.By consuming mussels, sea star creates bare spaces that are taken over by a variety of other species.

6. A study at the University of Washington demonstrated the influence of Pisaster on species richness by removing sea stars from selected parts of the intertidal zone repeatedly over a period of five years.

7. Two major changes occurred in the areas from which sea stars were removed. 

8. First, the lower edge of the mussel bed extended farther down into the intertidal zone, showing that sea stars are able to eliminate mussels completely where they are covered with water most of the time.

9. Second, and more dramatically, 28 species of animals and algae disappeared from the sea star removal zone. 

10. Eventually only Mytilus, the dominant competitor, occupied the entire substratum.

11. Through its effect on competitive relationships, predation by Pisaster largely determines which species live in these rocky intertidal ecosystems.

What is the crux of the passage?

(a) Sea star has a preferred prey.

(b) A preferred prey determines the survival of a keystone species.

(c) Keystone species ensures species diversity.

(d) Sea star is the only keystone species on the Pacific coast of North America.

Ans. C

Explanation-

According to the author, in the absence of sea star [an example of a keystone species] not only mussels are affected but other 28 species of animals and algae also got disappeared from the sea star removing zone. Hence, the crux of the passage is that keystone species ensures species diversity.