Science and Technology

Science and Technology for IAS and KAS Mains cum Prelims Topics 


Qts 1  What is Medical Biotechnology

1. Medical Bio Technology uses Living Cells Materials  and Cell research.
2 .It produce pharmaceuticals


Qts 2 .  What is bio Engineering.

1. Bio Engineering is Combination of Engineering and Biology
2. It use electrical, Chemical, Mechanical Computer Engineering.
3. It also use Biology, zoology, Botony  Agriculture.


Qts 3 Explain INSAT


1. INSAT IS Indian Communication Satellite.

2. INSAT full form Indian National Satellite System

3 INSAT is  Geo synchronous satellite 

4. It placed 35,786 km above earth.

5. INSAT revolve around India. [earth]

6 .INSAT used for mobile phone and other Telecommunication

7 .TV and Radio operating through INSAT


Qts 4 What is Remote Sensing


1.Remote Sensing means detecting the distant objects.

2. where man unable to go.  eg: Remote hilly area ,forest area

3.Distant Object detected by Satellite.


Qts 5 What is IRS


1 IRS full form is Indian Remote Sensing Satellite.

2 IRS detect distant objects


Qts 6 Explain IRS Satellite application


1 IRS used flood and drought monitoring

2 IRS used  in Agriculture.

3 IRS used in Marine Studies


Qts 7 Where IRS satellite placed


I IRS satellite placed above Poles

2 900 km above Pole

3 IRS satellite per rotation it will take 24 hours


Qts 8 What is GSLV


1 GSLV full form is Geo Synchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle.

2 GSLV used for Launching INSAT Satellite.


Qts 9  What is PSLV


I. PSLV full form is Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle.

2.PSLV used for Launching IRS Satellite


Qts 10 Explain Layers of Atmosphere from earth surface.


1 Troposphere.

2 Stratosphere.

3 Mesosphere.

4 Thermosphere/ Ionosphere.

5 Exosphere.


Qts 11 What is Ozone.


1 Ozone is inorganic molecule

2 It consist oxygen


Qts 12 Where is Ozone Found


1 Ozone found in Stratosphere

2 It is 15 to 30 km from earth atmosphere


Qts 13 What are the functions of  ozone


1. Ultraviolet Rays come from sun.

2 Ozone Filter Ultraviolet rays

3 Ultra Violet rays are harmful to man, Animals, Plants


Qts14  What is meant by ozone depletion


1 Ozone depletion means thinning of Ozone Layer.

2 Due to ozone Depletion Ultraviolet rays fall On earth


Qts 15 What is meant by Semi Conductor


1 Semi conductors have conductivity between Conductors and Insulators 

2. Conductors are materials which permit electric current to flow easily

3 Insulators are materials  which does  not permit current to flow easily.


Qts 16 What are the application of Semiconductors


I. Semi Conductors used in Mobile Phones  , Digital TV and Camera, Washing Machine

2. Semi Conductors used in LED Bulbs


Qts 17 What are Ozone depleting chemicals


1 Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC)

2 Hydrochlorofluoro Carbon ( HCFC)

3 Methyl


Qts 18 What is meant by Greenhouse effect


1 It is process of increasing heat On earth atmosphere.

2 Earth atmosphere Consist Carbon Dioxide, Methane, Nitrous oxide,

3 Earth atmosphere heat increases due to Carbon Dioxide. Methane, Nitrous Oxide.


Qts 19 What is meant by Bio Diversity


1 Bio Diversity consist all kinds of Life.

2 Life consist Man Animal Micro Organisms like Bacteria, Fungi.

3 Also Bio Diversity consist Plants, Trees


Qts 20 What is meant by Nano science.


1. Nano means Minute size

2. Nano is one Billionth of something.


Qts 21 . What is meant by Nano Technology

1. Nano Technology used for making One Billionth size material
2 Semi Conductor Chips made from Nano Technology


Qts 22 How Solar Panels produce energy

1 Solar panels made from Copper

2 Solar Panels absorb Sunlight

3 Solar Panels turn sunlight in to DC Electricity.


Qts 23 .How Turbine produce Energy

 
1. Wind Energy producing on Poles placed on top of hills or top of plains 

2 Turbinės are Blades

3 Blades rotate, because of wind movement-

4 Turbine Convert kinetic
energy of air in motion to electric Energy


Qts 24.How Geothermal Energy produced


1  Geothermal power plant draw water from underground Reservior

2  Water drawn to surface for producing steam

3  steam drive to Turbine

4  In turbine steam turn in to Electricity


Qts  25.How Hydro Electrcity produced


1 Dams constructed across river

2 Water is stored

3 Turbines placed in bottom of the dam.

4 Water fall from top of the dam.

5 Turbine blades  rotate  because of Water fall

6 It leads to electricity generation


Qts 26.How Nuclear Energy produced


1 Nuclear Energy produced from Uranium in Nuclear reactor

2 Nuclear energy splitted It is called Nuclear Fission

3 Through fission electricity generated


Qts 27.Write Nuclear Power Plants in India 


1 Kakrapur Atomic power Station at Gujurat

2 Kalapakkam Atomic Power Station at Tamil Nadu.

3 Narora Atomic Power Station at Uttar Pradesh

4 Kaiga Atomic Power Station at Karnataka

5 Rajasthan Atomic Power Station at Rajasthan.

6 Kundakulam Nuclear Power Plant at  Tamil Nadu

7 Tarapur Nuclear Power Plant at Maharashtra.


 Qts 28.How energy produced from Bio mass


1 Municipal Solid Waste or Garbage Called as Bio Mass

2 Through burning Solid Waste Heat produced

3 Because of heat- Water in boiler turn in to Steam With temperature of 500c

4 Turbine placed on boiler.

5 Blades in turbine rotate because of steam

6. It turn in to electricity


Qts 29.What is mean by Global warming


1 Sun light fall on earth

2 From earth sun Light reflect back.

3 Earth atmosphere consist Carbon dioxide, Methane, Nitrous Oxide, Chloro Fluro Carbons Called as Green House Gases

4 Because of green house gases Sun Light Unable to escape from earth atmosphere.

5 So Earth atmosphere temperature increases. It Called as Global Warming


Qts 30 .Discuss Plastic hazards


 1 While burning plastic Produce Carbon dioxide, Methane, Water Vapors.

2 Carbon Dioxide, Methane, Vapor increase global Warming.


Qts 31 . What  are main  causes of Air pollution


I Industrial pollution

2 Pollution from Vehicle Smoke.

3 Burning of Garbage, Fossil fuels.


Qts 32. What is meant by Cryogenic


I Cryogenic deals with Production of Low temperature.

2 Cryogenic temperature is minus 150 degree celcius to minus 273 degree celsius

3 Cryogenic materials Consist  liquid Nitrogen, Argon. Helium,

4 Solid Carbon Di Oxide is Cryogenic materials


Qts  33. How is Cryogenic engine Made


I Cryogenic engine made from liquid Oxygen and liquid Hydrogen.

2 Cryogenic engine used in Geo Synchronous Launch Vehicle(Rocket)


Qts  34.What is meant by Stem Cells


1 Stem cells are in human body.

2 Stem cells produce other cells In body


Qts  35.Where Stem Cells Found


1 Stem Cells found in Bone Marrow in human body

2 Bone marrow found  in center of bones. 



Qts 36  Write uses of Stem Cells


I Stem cells used for producing new cells in Laboratory.

2 Replacing damaged organ in human body through new cells produced in Lab


Qts 37. What is meant by breeder Reactor


 I Breeder reactor is a Nuclear reactor

2 Nuclear reactor used for Power generation


Qts 38.How Nuclear fuel breeder Works

1 Nuclear breeder produce More Nuclear Fuel

2 Nuclear materials consist Uranium 238, Thorium 232 Plutonium 239.

3 It turn nuclear Materials In to Nuclear Fuel.

4 Nuclear Fuel in to electric energy.


Qst 39.What is Genetics

 Genetics study how heridity traits pass from parents to Children 


Qts 40  What is Genes


I Genes Consist heredity information

2 Genes pass from generation to Generation



Qts 41  What is Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)


DNA s molecule which Consist genetic Information.


Qts  42  What is Genetic Engineering. 


Genetic Engineering technology for altering DNA in human body


Qts 43. What is bio Technology


1. Bio Technology use Biological System to create Vaccine

2. Bio Technology also used In Agriculture.


Qts  44 .What is Ecology.


Ecology Is the study of Animals (Organisms) and how Animals (organisms) interact with Environment.


 Qts  45. what is Artificial Intelligence


1 Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a computer technology will do advanced Function's

2 Al understand spoken and Written language.

3 Al analyse data

4 Al analyse Images.


Qts  46. What is Super Computer


I A Super Computer  will work with  great speed and memory

2 Super Computer has multiple Control Processing units (CPU)

3 Super Computer can perform 100 of MFLOP'S

4 MFLOP means Million of Floating Point Operation's Per Second.

5 Super Computer used by ISRO, Meteorological department



Qts 47 .What is the  name of Super Computer in India 


1 PARAM SIDDI Al based high performance super computer

2 AIRAWAT fastest super Computer in India.

3 SAGA 220  is super Computer used by ISRO.







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