95 A2 Socio Religious Movement 20Feb

Part A

Qts 1. Write Raja Rammohan Roy and the Brahmo Samaj

1. He is considered as the first modern man of India.

2. Born in 1772 in the Hooghly district of Bengal, he inculcated a brilliant freedom of thought and rationality. He preached that there is only one God.

3. He studied the Bible , Muslim and Hindu religious texts. He had excellent command over many languages including English, Sanskrit, Persian, Arabic, French, Latin, Greek and Hebrew.

4. In 1815, he established the Atmiya Sabha.

5.The work of the Atmiya Sabha was carried on by Maharishi Debendranath Tagore (father of Rabindranath Tagore), who renamed it as Brahmo Samaj.

6. Maharishi Debendranath Tagore turned the Brahmo Samaj into a leading social organisation of India. Later, it was developed into the Brahmo Sabha in August 1828.

5. In 1817, he founded the Hindu College (now Presidency College, Calcutta) along with David Hare, a missionary.

6.Rammohan Roy started the first Bengali weekly Samvad Kaumudi and edited Persian weekly Mirat-ul-akhbar.

7. Rammohan died in Bristol in England in 1833.n

Qts 2. Describe The Young Bengal Movement

1. Henry Vivian Derozio was the founder of the Young Bengal Movement.

2. His followers were known as the Derozians and their movement the Young Bengal Movement. They attacked old traditions and decadent customs. They also advocated women's rights and their education.

Qts 3. Explain Swami Dayanand Saraswati and the Arya Samaj

1.The Arya Samaj was founded by Swami Dayanand Saraswati at Bombay in 1875.

2. He believed that the Vedas were the source of true knowledge.

3. His motto was 'Back to the Vedas'.

4. He started the Suddhi movement to bring back those Hindus who had converted to other religions to its fold.

5. He wrote the book "Satyartha Prakash" which contains his ideas.

6. Swami Dayanand Saraswati founded Dayanand Anglo-Vedic (DAV) School in 1886 at Lahore.

Qts 4. Write Prarthana Samaj

1.The Prarthana Samaj was founded in 1867 in Bombay by Dr. Atmaram Pandurang.

2.Justice M.G. Ranade and R.G. Bhandarkar joined it in 1870 and infused new strength to it.

3. Justice Ranade promoted the Deccan Education Society.

4. It was a reform movement within Hinduism and concentrated on social reforms like inter-dinning, inter-marriage, widow remarriage and upliftment of women and depressed classes.

Qts 5 .Explain Swami Vivekananda and Ramakrishna Mission

1.The original name of Swami Vivekananda was Narendranath Dutta (1863-1902) and he became the most famous disciple of Shri Ramkrishna Paramahamsa.

2.He was born in a prosperous Bengali family of Calcutta and was educated in Scottish Church College. In 1886, Narendranath took the vow of Sanyasa and was given the name, Vivekananda. He preached Vedantic Philosophy.

3.Swami Vivekanand participated at the Parliament of Religions held in Chicago (USA) in September, 1893 and raised the prestige of India and Hinduism very high. He founded the Ramkrishna Mission at Belur in Howrah in 1897. It is a social service and charitable society.

Qts 6. Describe Theosophical Society

1.The Theosophical Society was founded in New York (USA) in 1875 by Madam H.P. Blavatsky (Russian lady), and Henry Steel Olcott (American colonel).

2. They arrived in India and established Theosophical Society at Adyar in Madras in 1882.

3.Later in 1893, Mrs. Annie Besant arrived in India and took over the leadership of the society after the death of Olcott.

4. Annie Besant founded the Central Hindu School along with Madan Mohan Malaviya at Benaras which later developed into the Banaras Hindu University.

Qts 7. Write about Pandit Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar

1.Vidyasagar founded many schools for girls. He helped J.D. Bethune to establish the Bethune School. He founded the Metropolitan Institution in Calcutta.

2..He protested against child marriage and favoured widow remarriage which was legalised by the Widow Remarriage Act (1856).

Qts 8.Write about Jyotiba Phule

In 1873, he founded the Satyashodak Samaj to fight against the caste system. Jyotiba Phule and his wife established the first girls' school at Poona in 1851.

Qts 9 Explain Aligarh Movement

1. The Aligarh Movement was started by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan (1817-98) for the social and educational advancement of the Muslims in India.

2.In 1875, he founded a modern school at Aligarh to promote English education among the Muslims. This had later grown into the Mohammadan Anglo Oriental College and then into the Aligarh Muslim University.

Qts10 Write The Deoband School

1. The orthodox section among the Muslim 'Ulema' organised the Deoband Movement.

2. Deoband leader Mahmud-ul-Hasan (1851-1920) sought to impart a political and intellectual content to the religious ideas of the school.

3. It was a Islam revivalist movement

Qts 11 .Explain Sikh Reform Movements

1. Baba Dayal Das founded the Nirankari Movement.

2. Nirankari Movement worshiped of God as Hirankar (formless).

3. Sikhs started Singh Sabhas started in Lahore and Amritsar in 1870

4. Sikhs started the Khalsa College at Amritsar in 1892

5. Sikhs encouraged Gurmukhi as Punjabi literature.

6 In 1920, Sikkhs started Akalis movement

7 Later, the Akalis organised themselves into a political party.

Qts 12. Write about Parsi Reform Movement

1.The Parsi Religious Reform Association was founded at Bombay by Furdunji Naoroji

2.They advocated the spread of women's education. They also wanted to reform their marriage customs.

Qts 13.Explain Saint Ramalinga

1. Saint Ramalinga was one of the foremost saints of Tamil Nadu in the nineteenth century. He was born on October 5, 1823 at Chidambaram.

2.In 1865, he founded the Samarasa Suddha Sanmargha Sangha for the promotion of casteless society.

3. He composed Tiru Arutpa.

Qts 14 Describe Sri Vaikunda Swamigal

1. Sri Vaikunda Swamigal preached against the caste system and untouchability, his teachings came to be known as Ayyavazhi.

2 Ayyavazhi came to be recognised as a separate religion and spread in the regions of South Travancore and South Tirunelveli.

3. Sri Vaikunda Swamigal teaching found in Akilattirattu Ammanai and Arul Nool.

Qts 15.Write Veda Samaj

1.Veda Samaj called Brahmo Samaj of South.

2. Veda Samaj started by Sridharalu Naidu. He translated books of Brahma Dharma into Tamil and Telegu.

Qts 16.Explain Dharma Sabha

1. Dharma Sabha started by Dharma Sabha in 1830.

2. Dharma Sabha promoted western education to girls.

Qts 17.What do you know Lokahitawadi

1. Lokahitawadi started by Gopal Hari Deshmukh.

2. Gopal Hari Deshmukh advocated female education for the upliftment of women.

Qts 18.Discuss Radha Swami Movement

1., Radha Swami Movement started by Tulsi Ram

2. Tulsi Ram known as Shiv Dayal Saheb or Swami Maharaj.

3. Swami Maharaj preached belief in one god and Satsangis

Qts19. Explain Periyar E.V.

1. In 1921, Periyar E.V. started anti-liquor campaign

2.In 1924, Periyar E.V.took an active part in the Vaikom Satyagraha.

3. Vaikom Satyagraha worked for secure for untouchables the right to use a road near a temple at Vaikom in Kerala.

4. Periyar E.V. opposed the Brahmanical culture or Manu culture

5. In 1925, Periyar E.V. started the Self- Respect Movement among lower caste people

Part B

Qts 1. Which among the following events happened earliest ?

(a) Swami Dayanand established Arya Samaj.

(b) Dinbandhu Mitra wrote Neeldarpan.

(d) Satyendranath Tagore became the first Indian to succeed in the Indian Civil Services Examination.

Ans. B

Explanation:

Arya Samaj was established in 1875 by Swami Dayanand.

Neeldarpan was written by Dinbandhu Mitra in 1858-59.

Anand Math was written by Bankim Chandra in 1882.

Satyendranth Tagore passed the ICS examination in 1863.

Qts 2. With reference to educational institutions during colonial rule in India, consider the following pairs:

Institution

1. Sanskrit College at Benaras - Willium Jones

2. Calcutta Madarsa - Warren hasting

3.Founder William Jones - Arthur Wellesly

Which of the pairs given above is/are correct ?

(a) 1 and 2

(b) 2 only

(d) 3 only

Ans. B

Explanation:

Pair 1 is not correct: Jonathan Duncan started the Sanskrit college at Benaras in 1791 for protection and development of Sanskrit.

Pair 2 is correct: Warren Hastings established the Calcutta Madrasa in 1781 for the study of Muslim law.

Pair 3 is not correct: Fort William College was set up by Lord Richard Wellesley in 1800 to train civil servants Indian languages, culture, tradition and law and administration.

Qts 3. Consider the following pairs:

1 . Radhakanta Deb-First President of the British Indian Association

2. Gazulu Lakshminarasu Chetty - Founder of the Madras Mahajana Sabha

3. Surendranath Banerjee Founder of the Indian Association

Which of the above pairs is/are correctly matched?

(a) 1 only

(b) 1 and 3 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

Ans. B

Explanation:

Statement 1 is correct: Radhakanta Deb-First President of the British Indian Association

Statement 2 is incorrect: In 1884, M.Veeraraghavachariar, G. Subramania Iyer and P. Anandacharlu established the Madras Mahajana Sabha.

Gazulu Lakshminarasu Chetty was an Indian merchant, Indian independence activist and political activist, who founded the Madras Native Association.

Statement 3 is correct: Surendranath Banerjee Founder of the Indian Association

Qts 4. Satyashodhak Samaj organized

(a) a movement for the upliftment of tribals in Bihar

(b) a temple-entry movement in Gujarat

(d) a peasant movement in Punjab

Ans. C

Explanation:

In Poona, Jyotiba Phooley-though a Mali by caste and of comparatively little education, started the association called the Satyashodhak Samaj in 1873 for asserting the worth of man irrespective of caste.

Jyotiba Phooley demanded representation of all classes of the Hindus in all the local bodies, in services and institutions

Jyotiba Phooley established a primary school for untouchables in Poona.

Qts5 . Which of the following parties were established Dr. B.R. Ambedkar?

1. The Peasants and workers party in India

2. All India Scheduled Castes Federation

3. The independent labour party

Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

(a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 2 and 3 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

Ans. B

Explanation:

The Peasants and Workers Party of India, is a Marxist Party in Maharashtra. The party was founded in 1947, having its roots from the pre- independence period. The Chairperson was Jayant Prabhakar and General Secretary was S.V. Jadhav.

Independent Labour Party (ILP) was an Indian political organization formed under the leadership of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar in August 1936 against the brahmanical and capitalist structures in the society.

All India Scheduled Castes Federation was a first all India political party exclusively for scheduled castes. SCF was founded by Dr. Ambedkar

Qts 6. In collaboration with David Hare and Alexander Duff, who of the following established Hindu College at Calcutta?

(a) Henry Louis Vivian Derozio

(b) Ishwarchandra Vidyasagar

(d) Raja Rammohan Roy

Ans. D

Explanation:

Hindu school is a school located in Kolkata (Calcutta).

Hindu College (the school's predecessor) was established in 1817 by Raja Rammohan Roy, David Hare, Alexander Duff, Radhakant Deb and other educationists.

Qts 7.Who among the following wrote the book Bahu vivah ?

(a) Raja Rammohan Roy

(b) Ishwar chandra Vidyasagar

(d) Rabindranath Tagore

Ans. B

Explanation:

Bahu means many, vivah means marriage that is more than one marriage and written in protest of the evil of polygamy.

Qts 8. Consider the following statements:

1. Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar founded the Bethune School at Calcutta with the main aim of encouraging education for women.

2. Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay was the first graduate of the Calcutta University.

3. Keshav Chandra Sen's campaign against Sati led to the enactment of a law to ban Sati by the then Governor-General.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only

(b) 1 and 2

(d) 1,2 and 3

Ans. B

Explanation:

Statements 1 and 2 are correct and statement 3 is incorrect

Since Raja Ram Mohan Roy's campaign against Sati led to the enactment of Bengal Regulation Act of 1829 to ban Sati by Governor-General William Bentick.

Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay and Gattunath Bose were the first graduates of the Calcutta University on Jan 30, 1858.

JED Bethune founded the Bethune School in Calcutta in 1849 and in 1879 developed as the first women's college in India. Ishwarchandra Vidyasagar was also associated with this.

Qts 9 . Consider the following statements:

1. Arya Samaj was founded in 1835.

2. Lala Lajpat Rai opposed the appeal of Arya Samaj to the authority of Vedas in support of its social reform programmes.

3. Under Keshab Chandra Sen, the Brahmo Samaj campaigned for women's education.

4. Vinoba Bhave founded the Sarvodaya Samaj to work among refugees.

Which of these statements are correct?

(a) 1 and 2

(b) 2 and 3

(d) 3 and 4

Ans. D

Explanation:

Arya Samaj was founded by Swami Dayanand Saraswati in the year 1875.

Lala Lajpat Rai, a member of Arya Samaj, supported the appeal of Arya Samaj to the authority of Vedas in support of the social reform programmes.

Qts 10. "A graduate at 18, Professor and Associate Editor of the Sudharak at 20, Secretary of the Sarvajanik Sabha and of the Provincial Conference at 25, Secretary of the National Congress at 29, leading witness before an important Royal Commission at 31, Provincial legislator at 34, Imperial legislator at 36, President of the Indian National Congress at 39 a patriot whom Mahatma Gandhi himself regarded as his master." This is how a biographer describes.

(a) Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya

(b) Mahadev Govind Ranade

(d) Bal Gangadhar Tilak

Ans. C

Explanation:

This statement relates to Gopal Krishna Gokhale, who was born on 9 May, 1866 in Maharashtra. Gokhale at the age of 18 graduated from Elphinstone College in 1884. He at the age of 39 became President in the 1905 session of INC held at Benaras.

Qts 11 . His principle forte was social and religious reform. He relied upon legislation to do away with social ills and worked unceasingly for the eradication of child marriage, the purdah system. To encourage consideration of social problems on a national scale, he inaugurated the Indian National Social Conference, which for many years met for its annual sessions alongside the Indian National Congress.

The reference in this passage is to

(a) Ishwarchandra Vidyasagar

(b) Behramji Merwanji Malabari

(d) B. R. Ambedkar

Ans. C

Explanation:

The reference in this passage is to Mahadev Govind Ranade. He worked for social reform in the areas of child marriage, widow remarriage, and women's rights. He was distinguished Indian scholar, social reformer and author. Indian National Social Conference was inaugurated by him to encourage consideration of social problems on a national scale in 1887.

Qts 12. Which one of the following pairs are not correctly matched ?

(a) Jamnalal Bajaj : Satyagraha Ashram at Wardha

(b) Dadabhai Naoroji : Bombay Association

(d) Bal Gangadhar Tilak : Satya Shodhak Sabha

Ans. D

Explanation:

Satya Shodhak Sabha was founded by Jyotiba Phule in 1873.

Part C

Qts 1. What was the character of socio-religious reforms in the 19th century and how did they contribute to the national awakening in Indian?

1.India, in the 19th century, witnessed a series of socio-religious reform movements which aimed at reorientations of the Indian society along modern lines.

2. These reform movements can be viewed as the expression of the social aspiration of newly emerging English educated urban middle class of colonial India.

3.It gave importance for women emancipation , abolition of polytheism, sati system , child infanticide, abolition of untouchability

4.It gave importance for Rationalism and religious universalism

Qts 2.What in your opinion were the positive steps taken by the British to modernize India?

1.The British introduced modern and Western education in India.

2. The introduction of modern transport system such as the railway.

3. The British took steps to unify India politically, administratively and economically

4. The British introduced common law as Criminal procedure code, Civil procedure code and Indian penal code

Qts 3 Why British introduced English education

1. Recruiting Indians to lower clerical jobs;

2.To create a class of Indians who would be Indians in colour but British in taste in order to create a wider market for British goods

Qts 4 What was the objective for introduction of railways by British

1.Reaching the interiors of India to enable the creation of a wider market for British goods.

2.Ensuring the transport of raw materials from India to the ports for export to feed the British industries

Qts 5 Write a note on Theosophical Society

1.A group of westerners led by Madame H.P. Blavatsky and colonel M.S. Olcott who were inspired by Indian thought and culture founded the Theosophical society in the United States in 1875.

2.Annie Besant took over the reigns when its headquarters was shifted to Adayar at Tamil Nadu

3..It drew its inspiration from Upanishads and Veda

4.The society emphasized on establishing relationship with God through prayer, practicing of Yoga etc.

5.It aimed to work for universal brotherhood of humanity without distinction of race, creed, sex, caste or colour.

Qts 5.Who established the Arya Samaj? What was its goal?

1.Dayanand Saraswati founded the Arya Samaj in 1875, in Bombay

2. Dayanand Saraswati had vision of India as classless and caste less society, a united India.

3.Dayanand Saraswati published his views through 'Satyarth Prakash'

4. Dayanand Saraswati gave the Slogan 'Go Back to the Vedas'.

Qts 6.Assess the contributions of Ishwarchandra Vidyasagar to the making of modern India.

1.Ishwarchandra Vidyasagar great social reformers of 19th century in Bengal.

2.He opposed the child marriages, polygamy

3. Because off him the Hindu Widows Remarriage Act, was passed by British

Qts 7. In what way did Ramakrishna infuse a new vigour and dynamism into Hinduism.

1.Ramakrishna Paramhansa was a priest at the Kali Temple in Dakshineswar near Calcutta.

2.He believed in the oneness of God

3. He considered that Krishna, Hari, Rama, Christ, Allah are the different names of the same God,

4.Swami Vivekananda, a disciple of Ramakrishna founded Ramakrishna mission to preach the teachings and thoughts of his Guru.

5. Swami Vivekananda established Ramakrishna mission

6. Ramakrishna mission created a new faith in India's culture, a sense of self confidence in the minds and outlook of youth of India.

Qts 8. "The name of Raja Ram Mohan Roy stands foremost in the field of religious and social reforms." Elucidate.

1. Raja Rammohan Roy established Atmiya Sabha (1814)

2. Raja Rammohan Roy propagated monotheism

3. Because of Raja Rammohan Roy British in India abolished sati system

5. Raja Rammohan Roy championed the cause of women's right to inheritance and property

6. Raja Rammohan Roy attacked polygamy

7. Raja Rammohan Roy supported widow-remarriage.

Qts 9 Explain Brahma samaj

1. Brhma samaj gave importance for education based merit

2. Brhama samaj opposed Varna system ( Brahmana , Kshatriya ,Vaishya , Shudra ) based on birth

3. Brahma Samaj opposed untouchability and child marriage

4. Brahma Samaj preached equality of sexes etc.

5.Brahma Samaj established Anglo vedic schools and colleges and Gurukul Pathsala at Haridwar.

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95 A2 Socio Religious Movement 20Feb

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