92 A2 Vedic Literature 23 Feb

Part A

Vedic Literature.


Qts 1 Explain Zend Avesta

1. Zend Avesta is holy book of Iran.

2. It says that Aryans came from Iran. 

3. Arya is a Linguistic Indo-European Speech group.


Qts 2 Explain Veda

1 Veda Comes  from root vid

2 Vid means knowledge

3. Vedas also called as Shruti

4. Shruti means to hear.

5  Four Vedas are Rigveda , Sama veda, Yajur Veda, Atharva veda

6 .Rigveda, Sama veda, Yajur Veda called as Trayi


Qts 3  Explain Rigveda.

1.  Hymns of Rig Veda recited by Hotri (Rishi)

2.  It consist 1028 hymns

3.  It divided into ten Mandalas

4.   2 to 7 mandalas were old

5.  1 ,8,9,10 mandalas are new

6.  2 to 7  Mandalas called as Kula Granth.

7.  Third Mandala consist Gayatri Mantra.

8.  Tenth mandala consists of  Purushasukta 

9.  Purushasukta Consist Varna system. (Brahmana, Kshatriya, Vaishya, Shudra)


Qts 4 Write words used in Rigveda

1.  OM (1028 times)

2.  Jana(275 times)

3. 250 hymns dedicated to Indra God

4. 200 hymns dedicated to Agni

5  Saraswati is diety of river


Qts 5 Write Sama Veda.

1. Sama veda  recited by Udgotri

2. It consist 1549 Stanzas  

3. Sama reda consist Dhrupada ,Raga or Indian music.


Qts 6 Explain Yajur Veda.

1. Yajur veda hymns recited  Adhvaryus

2. It deals with procedure for performance of sacrifices

3. Shukla Yajurveda or White Yajurveda consist Mantra.

4. Krishna Yajurveda or black Yajurveda consist prose.

5. Kathopanishad is a part of Krishna Yajurveda.

6. Kathopanishad consist dialogue between Nachiketa and Lord Yama ( God of death)


Qts 7 Explain Atharva Veda.

1. It divided in to 20 Kandas (books) and 711 hymas

2. It deals with Magic, Charms, Spells

3. Atharva veda ward off evils, diseases

4. It was not part of trayi i.e Rigveda, Sama veda, Yajurveda.


Qts 8 Explain Brahmanas

1. Brahmanas means sacrifice

2. It is in prose and ritualistic in nature 

3. Shata patha Brahmana is Important 

4. Shata patha Brahmana attatched to Yajurveda.


Qts 9 Explain Aranyakas

1.Aranyakas are forest texts

2. It deals with mysticism and philosophy

3. It emphasise Meditation


Qts 10 Explain Upanishad

Upanishad means to sit down near some one.

1. Upanishad are philosophical texts

2. Upanishad called as Vedanta

2 .Vrihadaranyaka is oldest Upanishad


Qts 11 What is Shiksha

 It is oldest text on Phonetics/ pronunciations


Qts 12 What is Kalpa Sutra

 these are rituals . It divided as given below.

1 Shrauta Sutra/sulva Sutra It deals with sacrifices

2. Grihya Sutra: It deals with family ceremonies

3. Dharma Sutra: It deals with Varnas Ashramas  


Qts 13 What is  Vyakarana

It is Grammar. 

Oldest Grammar is Ashtadhyayi  (written by Panini)


Qts 14 What is Nirukta (Etymology)

It based on Nighantu (collection of difficult Vedic Words).

Oldest dictionary is Nirukta


Qts 15 What is  Chhanda 

Chandas is Metric in grammar 

The famous text chhandaSutras Written by Pingal


Qts 16 What is Jyotisha

It is  Astronomy

The oldest Jyotisha text is Vedanga Jyotisha written by Lagadh Muni


Qtys 17 What is Smritis / Dharmashastra

It explain rules and regulations in vedic Life 

Smritis are Manusmriti, Naradasmriti, Vagyavalkya smriti, Parasharsmriti


Qts 18 Mahabharat

1. Mahabharat written by Ved Vyas

2. Originally 8800 Shlokas was their in Jay Samhita. [old name of Mahabharat]

3. Later 24,000 Shlokas was their in Chaturvinshati Sahastri Samhita (another name of Mahabharat)

4. Finally 1,00,000 Shlokas was their in Shatasahastri Samhita [also called as Mahabharat]

5.Shanti Parva is longest Chapter in Mahabharata 

6.Bhagavad Gita is extracted from Bhimsha Parva.


Qts 19 Ramayana.

1. Ramayana written by Valmiki

2.originally it had 6000 Shlokas ,Later 12,000 Shlokas ,Finally 24,000 Shlokas


 Qts 20 What is Ayurveda

It  deals with Medicine.


Qts 21 What ios Dhanurveda 

It deals  with War fare


Qts 22 What is Gandharvedha

It  deals with Music


Qts 23 What is Shilpaveda 

It deals with Craft / Architecture


Qts 24 What is Puranas

1.Puranas are old texts

2. Matsya Purana is oldert

3.Bhagavata purana,  Vishnu Purana, Vayu Purana are important puranas


Qts 25 Who wrote  Purva Mimansa 

Written by Jaimini


Qts 26 Who wrote Nyaya Darshana

 Written by Akshapada Gautama.


Qts 27 Who wrote Sankhaya Darshana 

written by Kapila.


Qts 28 Who wrote Uttara Mimansa / Vedanta

 Written by Badaryana.


Qts 29 Who wrote Vaishesika Darshana

 Written by Uluka kanada


Qts 30 Who wrote yoga darshana 

written by Patanjali


Qts 31 Explain Baudhayon Sulva Sutra

1. It is ancient pythagorous theorem

2. It explain right angled triangle, the square of hypotenuse is equal to Sum of square of other two sides


Part B


Qts 1.Which one of the following four Vedas contains an account of magical charms and spells?

(a) Rigveda

(b) Yajurveda

(c) Atharvaveda

(d) Samaveda

Ans. C

Explanation:

Rigveda is a collection of 1028 hymns of a member of priestly families. 

It is divided into 10 mandalas or books. Book I, VIII and X seen to be later additions. 

It is written between 1700BC-1500BC, when Aryans were still in Punjab. 

Books II to VII are also called as family books. 

They are attributed to Gritsamada, Visvamitra, Vasudeva, Atri, Bharadwaj, Vashishtha, Kanva and Angiras. 

The X mandala contains the famous Purushukta hymn that explains the origin of four varnas.

Samveda has is root in Saman which means a melody. It is, thus, a collection of melodies. It's a collection of 1603 hymns. Except 99, all others were derived from Rigveda.

Yajurveda is a ritualistic in nature and is divided into Shukla Yajurveda and Krishna Yajurveda. It is written in prose, it deals with procedure for performance of sacrifices and contains rituals as well as hymns.

Atharva veda is a collection of 711 hymns and is divided into 20 kandas. It contains magical charms, spells and folks traditions. Athavaveda is a book of magical formula. Its contents throw light on the practices of non-Aryans. Atharvaveda is the latest Veda.


Qts 2. The term 'Aryan'

(a) an ethnic group

(b) a nomadic people

(c) a speech group

(d) a superior race

Ans. C

Explanation: 

The term 'Aryan' is borrowed from 'Arya' in Sanskrit . Aryan is, in fact, a linguistic term indicating a speech group of Indo-European origin, and is not an ethnic term.


Qts 3. The famous dialogue between Nachiketa and Yama is mentioned in the

(a) Chhandogyopanishad 

(d) Mundakopanishad

(c) Kathopanishad

(d) Kenopanishad

Ans. C

Explanation:

 The Yajurveda has two sections or versions Shukla and Krishna or White and Black. 

Kathopanishad is a part of the KrishnaYajurveda. 

Kathopanishad is the dialogue between Nachiketa and Lord Yama (God of Death), wherein Self-knowledge is revealed, where Nachiketa was a seeker and Yamraj was a Guru (Knower of Secrets).


4. The river most mentioned in early Vedic literature is

(a) Sindhu

(b) Sutudri

(c) Saraswati

(d) Ganga

Ans. A

Explanation: 

Sapta Sindhu plays a prominent part in the hymns of the Rigveda, and consequently in early Vedic religion.

 It is one of the most sacred rivers of Sapta Sindhu. Today, this river is known as Indus.


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