61 A1 Planning Basic 25Mar
Qts1 what is Imperative Planning
In this type of planning, the Central Planning authority decides upon every aspect of the economy and the targets set and the process delineated to achieve them are to be strictly followed. This type of planning is mainly practised in the socialist economies.
Qts2 What is Indicative Planning
In this type of planning, the State sets broad parameters and goals for the Leonomy. It is different from centralised planning as unlike in the late the State does not see Plan targets to the minutest details, but only broad indicates the targets to be achieved. It was adopted in our country since the 8th Five-Year Plan, as practised in many developed countries.
Qts3 What is Perspective Planning
It's a type of planning for a long period of time, usually 15-20 years. As a highly specialized task, it is operationalized through the Five Year and Annual Plans. In such form of planning, the planners formulate a Perspective Plan that broadly defines the directions desired to be taken by the economy.
Qts4 What is Rolling Plan
Under the scheme of rolling Plans, there are three different steps. First a plan for the current year which includes the annual budget. Second plan for a fixed number of years, say three, four or five. It is revised every year as per the requirements of the economy. Third, a perspective aim for 10, 15 or 20 years.
Qts5 what is Core Plan
As per this concept, the Planning Commission asks the states to submit their projected revenue estimates. On the basis of these estimates, Planning in keeping the Plan-target to realistic limits and prevents diversion of funds from the priority items to the non-plan account. The concept of 'Core Plan' has emerged recently.
Qts6 Explain about NITI (National Institution for Transforming India) Aayog :
- NITI Aayog is a policy think-tank of government that replaces Planning Commission and aims to involve states in economic policy-making in India.
- It will be providing strategic and technical advice to the central and the state governments.
- NITI Aayog became functional from 1st January, 2015.
Members
The NITI Aayog comprises of the followings:
- Prime Minister of India as the Chairman.
- Government Councils comprising the Chief Ministers of all the States and Lieutenant Governors of Union Territories.
- Regional Councils will be formed to address specific issues and Contingencies impacting more than one state or a region. The Regional Councils will be convened by the Prime Minister and will comprise of the Chief Minister of States and the NITI Aayog or his nominee.
- Experts, specialists and practitioners with relevant domain knowledge as special invitees nominated by the Prime Minister.
- Full-time organisational framework (in addition to Prime Minister as the Chairperson) comprising of
Qts7 Explain about First Five Year Plan (1951-1956)
- Based on the 'Harrod-Domar Model'. Aim was to start process of balanced development of economy.
- Agriculture was on top priority. The first Plan emphasized, as its immediate objectives the rehabilitation of refugees, rapid agricultural development and control of inflation.
- Increase of 18% in national income and 11% in per capita income.
Qts8 Explain about Second Five Year Plan (1956-1961)
- Based on the P.C. Mahalanobis model. Aimed at rapid industrialisation with development of basic and heavy industries.
- Important large industries like Steel Plant at Durgapur, Bhilai and Rourkela were established.
Qts9 Explain about Third Five Year Plan (1961-1966)
- To make the economy independent and to reach self active take off position called Gadgil Yojana. Agriculture and industry both were on its priority
- Reason of failure of this plan was Indo- China war, Indo-Pakistan war and unprecedented drought.
Qts10 Explain about Fourth Five Year Plan (1969-1974)
- Objectives 'growth with stability' and 'progressive achievement of self reliance
- Growth with justice' and 'Garibi Hataoo (Removal of poverty) were the main objective
Qts11 Explain about Fifth Five Year Plan (1974-1979)
- Prepared under C. Subramaniam in 1972, but final draft of the Plan was prepared and launched by D.P. Dhar
- Objectives: poverty eradication and attainment of self-reliance.
Qts12 Explain about Sixth Five Year Plan (1980-1985)
- Basic objective removal of poverty.
- Achieving economic and technological self- reliance, generating employment and improving the quality of life.
Qts13 Explain about Seventh Five Year Plan (1985-1990)
- First time private sector was given priority. Objectives include establishment of self-sufficient
- economy, creation of more opportunities.
- Employment generating programmes like Jawahar rozgar yojana was started
Qts14 Explain about Eighth Five Year Plan (1992-1997)
- P.V. Narashimha Rao Government initiated the process of fiscal reforms.
- Priority was given to Development of Human Resources. Strengthen the basic infrastructure. Pradhan Mantri Rozgar Yojana PMRY) was started in the year 1993.
Qts15 Explain about Ninth Five Year Plan (1997-2002)
- Launched in the fiftieth (50th) year of India's Independence.
- Focus: Growth with Social Justice and Equity.
- Priority to agriculture and rural development
Qts16 Explain about Tenth Five Year Plan (2002-2007)
- Proposed to eradicate poverty and unemployment and to double the per capita income in next 10 years. Tenth Plan was expected to follow a regional approach.
- India's foreign exchange reserves reached a level of US $185 billion in February 2007.
- The 11th plan visualized, Faster and more inclusive growth as its objective. Rate of growth of GDP was 8.0%. Under achiever was the agriculture, rate of growth of which remained low at 3.3% over the plan period, as compared to the
- 4% target rate of growth.
- Balance of trade deficit has reached US $ 644 billion in this plan period.
Qts18 Explain about Twelfth Five Year Plan (2012-17)
- Vision of Faster, Sustainable and More Inclusive Growth.
- Economic Growth: To achieve Real GDP Growth Rate of 8.0 per cent, Agriculture Growth Rate of 4.0 per cent; Manufacturing Growth Rate of 10.0 per cent.