6 Plant Morphology

 PLANT MOROPHOLOGY

Study of the physical from external of plants is Known as plant morphology or phymorphology

The study of the internals structure of plants, especially at he microscopic level is Known as plant anatomy

The Root

The underground part of the plant is usually the root.

Root develops from elongation of the embryo

It is non-green positive geostrophic and negative phototrophic

Function: (i) Provide stability

(ii) Stores nutrients and 

(iii) Acts as the primary sources of  water and nutrient acquisition etc.

Types: Roots are mainly of two types

(i) Adventitious Roots and 

(ii0 Tap roots.

Modification

Roots are modified for support storage of food respiration

For support: prop roots in banyan tree, still in Maize and Sugarcane.

For storage of Food: (i) conical from- carrot root

(ii) Nape form-Turnip root

(iii) Fuse Form- Radish Root.

The stem

Stem is part of plants which grows towards light

It develops from plumule of the embryo.

It bears nodes and inter nodes.

Modification of Stem

Steams are modified to performance different functions:

1. For food storage - Rhizome, Tuber (potato)

2. For support - Grapevine, cucumber

3. For protection - Axillary buds of stem of circuits

4. For vegetative propagation - lateral branches of mint and jasmine

5. For assimilation of good - flattened stem of opuntia.

(a) The Leaf

 It is green: Making food through photosynthesis is the main function of Leaf.

(b) The Flower

-It is reproductive part of the plant

-Calyx corolla, Androecium nd Gynoecium are 4 major organs found in the flower.

-out of these androecium is the male sex organ and gynoecium is the female sex organ.

(c) Pollination

-It is the process of reaching of pollen grains to Stigma after the maturation of another. Transform of pollination are he types of pollination.

-Self pollination and cross pollination the major types of pollination

(d) Fertilizations

-The fusion of Male nucleus with egg cell is called fertilization.

-Pollen tube reaches the egg cell after entering in to the ovule through a pore called micropyle.

-Fertilized add is called zygote.

-Triple fusion fertilized is found in Angiosperm and double fertilizations is found is other category of plants.

(e) Parthenocarpy

-These are the types of fruits which are developed from ovary without fertilizations

-These fruits are normally seedless,

Example: Orange Grapes etc.

(f) Formation of fruits

-Formation of Fruit takes place from ovary

-Fruits are matures or ripened ovaries' developed after fertilizations

-Fruits are divided in to three types

1. Simple Fruits - Guava

2. Aggregate Fruits - custard apple

3. Composite Fruits - jackfruit mulberry etc.