4. M.I Jyotiba Phule

 Jyotiba Phule

-Jyotiba phule belonged to a low caste family in Maharashtra, He waged a life long struggle against upper caste domination and Brahmanical supremacy.

-He pioneered the widow remaarige movement in Maharashrta and worked for the education for women.

-In 1873, he founded the satyashodak samaj to fight against the caste system jyotiba pule and his wife esatablished the first girl's school at poona in 1851.

Aaligarh Movement

-The Aigath Movement was started by sir syaed AHmad Khan (1817-98) for the social and Educational advancement of hte Muslims in inda, In 1866 he strated the Mohammadan Educational; conferene as a general of forum for spreading liberal ideas among the Muslims.

- In 1875, He founded a modern school at Aligarh to promote English educaion among the Muslims this had latter grown in to the Mohammadan Anglo oriental collaege and then in to the Aligarh Muslim University.

The deoband school

-The orthodox section the Muslim Ulema organised the Deoband Movement Deoband movement. Deoband leader  Mahmud -ui -Hassan (1851 - 1920) sought to impart a political and intellectual content to the religious ideas of the school.

-It was a revivalist movement whose twin objectives were

(i) to propagate among the Muslims the pure teachings of hte Korana and the Hadis and 

(ii) to keep alive the spirit of jihad against the foreign rulers.

Sikh Reform Movements

-Baba Dayal Das founded the Nirankari Movement. He insisted the worship of god as nirankar (Formuless) His followeres wore white clothes and gave up meat eating.

-The sing sabhas started in lahore and Amritsar in 1870 were aimed at reforming the sikh society, They helped to set up the khalsa collage at Amrtitsar in 1892 they aslo encoraged Gurumukhi and punjabi literature.

-In 1920, the Akalis stated a movement to remove the corrupt Mahantas (priests) from the sikh gurudwaras. Later the Akalis organised themseleves in to a political party.

Parsi Reform Movement

-The parsi Religious Reform Association was founded at Bombay by Furdunaji Naoroji and s.s Bengalee in 1851.

-They advocated the spread of woman's education. They also wanted to reform  their marriage customs.