6. JAINISM

 4.2 JAINISM

 There were 24 Trirthankars (literrally ford maker: prophets or Gurus) all kshatriyas. Founded by Rishbhanath (Emblem: Bull) the visnu purana and the bhagvat purana

and teh Bhagavath purana describe rishabga as incanation of Narayana.

-The name of two jain tirthakars- Rishabhanth 9father of king Bharath) and Arishtanemi - are founded in the rig veda. Historicity of early 22 Thirthankars is ambigoug we hav histroical  proofof only the last two -parashwanth (23rd) and mahavira(24th0

-The 23rd Tirthankar Parshwanath (Emblem: snake) was the son of king Ashavasena of Banaras, He abandoned the throne and led the life of hermit and deid at sammet shikar/parshwanath (parasanath) Hill Giridih Jharkahand His four main teavj=hings (chaturti) were 

1. Ahimsa (non -violence)

2. satya (non-laying) 

3. Asteya (nonsealing )

4. Aparigraha (non-possession)

-The 24th and the last Trithankar was Vardhman Mahavira (Emblem: Lion)


MAHAVIRA'S LIFE

-He was born in Kundagram (vaishali,Bihar) in 540BC.

- His father siddhartha was the head of jnatrika kshatriya clan under vajji of vaishali.

-His mother was Trishal. sister of Lichchavi prince chetak of vaishali.

-Married to yashidha had a daughter named Anonja priyadarsena (whose husband jamil became his first disciple0

-At the age of 30, after the daeth of his father, he became an ascetic He was accompained by Makkahali gosala.

-At the age of 42., under saltree at jambhikgrama on the bank of river  Rijupalika Mahavira attained supreme Knowledge (kaivalya or Nrigrantha)

-From then onwards he was called jaina or jitendriya (one who conquered his sesnses) and Mahavira (the brave0 and his followers wee named jain He aslo got the title of Arhant (Blessed one)

-He deliverd his first sermon at pavat to his 11 disciples (Known as 11 gandharas/gandharvas0 Later, he founded aJain sangha (jain commune) at pava.

-Mhavira preached almost the same message as parshbanath and added one more, Brahmacharya (celabacy) to it.

-At the age of 72 in 468 Bc, he atteined death at pavapuri 9near Biharsharif in Bihar)


Teaching of jainism

-five vows of jainism (pancha Mahavaratas)

1.Non -injury (Ahimsa)

2. Non-laying (satya)

3. Non-stealing (Asteya)

4. observe continence (Brahamcharya)

(the first four principles are paesvanth and the fifith Brahmachara was included by Mahavira)

-The principles of Jianism as preached by Mahavira are: Rejected the authority of the vedas and the vedic rituals: Didi not belive in the existense of God: belived in Karm and the

transmigration of soul Liad grat emphasis on equality.


Jaina Philosophy

-Syadvada: According to syadvada, seven modes of predication (saptabhangi) are possible, Absolute affirmation and asbsolute negation aboth are wronh all judment are conditional.

-Anekantavada :  The jaina metaphysics is a realistic and realtivestic pluralism It is called Anejantavada or the doctrine of hte Manyness of reality. Matter 9pudgala) and sprirti (jiva)

are regarded as separate and indepedent realiteis.

two sects of jainism

1. shbetambars (i.e those who put n white roobes) stulabhadra.

2. Digamars 9i.e those who wee stark naked)- Bhadrabahu.

Examples of Jain Architecture.

1. cave : udaigiri,khandagiri(orissa0 etc.

2.stateu of Gomateshwar/ Bahubali : Shravanbelgola 9karnataka)

3. Temples: Girnar and Palitana (gujarat) Rajagrihs temple and pavapuri temple (Bihar0 dilwara temple: mount abu (Rajasthan) etc.


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