greek
Foreign Greeks.
Indo Greeks.
I. a. Indo Greeks earlier set up kingdom in Bactria
b. Bactria was between Hindukush Mountains and Anudarya river
c. Bactria in north of Afghanistan near Iran
II. a. Alexander invaded India in 326 Bc. Nandas Were ruling. over India at that time
b. Alexander in his return journey from India appointed his military governors Called as Strategos
III. Begining Greeks arrived to India. Later Sakas arrived at end kushans arrived.
IV. Greeks Called as Yavana priya Yavana means pepper. Greeks Liked Indian pepper.
V. Indo Greeks embraced Buddhism. Which was away from Caste System.
Foreign rulers
Menander, a Greek ruler
I. Menander ruled between kabul in Afghanistan to River bank Ravi in Punjab
II. Menander patronised Buddhism.
Menander and Buddhist saint Nagasena Conversation is recorded in Milinda Panha (Buddhist text)
Sakas
I. Sakas ruled in India between 1 AD to 4 AD
II. Sakas Were Iranian nomadic People.
III. Maues/Moga was first ruled between Afghanistan, Pakistan, and India.
IV. Rudradaman was most famous ruler among
V. As per Junagarh inscription. Rudradaman repaired Sudarshan Lake in Kathaiwar.
VI. Junagarh inscription written in Sanskrit
VII. Sakas Came to India in 90 BC
Parthians
Parthians ruled between 1 BC to 1 AD
I. Parthians originally Lived in Iran
II. Gondopherns was famous ruler
III. St Thomas visited Gondopherns Kingdom. St Thomas propagated Christianity
Kushans
I. Kushans ruled between 1 AD to 3 AD
II. Kushans originally belongs to China. They belongs to Yuezhi tribe.
III. Kushans Were Instrumental in Spreading Buddhism . In Central Asia and China
IV. Kushans developed mahayana Buddhism
V. kushans Came to India in 45AD
Kanishka.
I. Kanishka belongs to kushan dynasty
II. Kanishka is a great patron of Buddhism
III. He started saka era in 78 AD
VI. kanishka organised 4th Buddhist Council at Kashmir
V. 4th Buddhist Council presided by Vasumitra and Ashwagosha
VI. Buddhism divided into two: Hinayana. and Mahayana in 4th Council
VII. Kanishka patronised below given
(a) Ashwagosha wrote Buddha Charita:( biography of Buddha.)
(b) Nagarjuna Wrote Madhyamika sutra
(C) Charak wrote Charaka Samhita
Gandhara School of Art features
I. Halo around the head of Lord Buddha
II. Buddha has wavy hair
III. Had Lines on forehead
IV. Buddha wearing drape style of Garment
V. Buddha had broad shoulders, Masculine torso
VI. Buddha seated in Padmasana
VI. Shaven face
VII. Buddha's right hand raised With Abhaya mudra (means no fear)
VII. Buddha surrounded by two monks ,Padmapani (holding Lotus) and Vajrapani (Holding Vajra)