INDIAN GEOGRAPHY
Qts I.Consider the following statements
1. The Barren Island volcano is an active volcano located in the Indian territory.
2. Barren Island lies about 140 km east of Great Nicobar.
3. The last time the Barren Island volcano erupted was in 1991 and it has remained inactive since then.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3
(c) 3 only
(d) 1 and 3
Ans. A
Explanation:
Statement 1 is correct: It is India's only active volcano.
Statement 2 is not correct: It is located 140 kms. to the east of Port Blair.
Statement 3 is not correct: It has been erupting sporadically since 1991.
Qts II.Which of the following is geographically closest to Great Nicobar
(a) Sumatra
(b) Borneo
(c) Java
(d) Sri Lanka
Ans A
Explanation:
Distance between Great Nicobar and Sumatra-1192 km
Distance between Great Nicobar and Borneo-2398 km
Distance between Great Nicobar and Java-2484 km
Distance between Great Nicobar and Sri Lanka- 1437 km
So, option (a) is correct.
From the ecological point of view, which one of the following assumes importance in being a good link between the Eastern Ghats and the Western Ghats? (2017)
(a) Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve.
(b) Nallamala Forest
(c) Nagarhole National Park
(d) Seshachalam Biosphere Reserve
Ans. A
Explanation:
Sathyamangalam forest range is a significant wildlife corridor in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve between the Western Ghats and the rest of the Eastern Ghats and a genetic link between the four other protected areas which it adjoins, including the Billigiriranga Swamy Temple Wildlife Sanctuary, Sigur Plateau, Mudumalai National Park and Bandipur National Park.
Which one of the following pairs of States of India indicates the easternmost and westernmost State?
(a) Assam and Rajasthan
(b) Arunachal Pradesh and Rajasthan
(c) Assam and Gujarat
(d) Arunachal Pradesh and Gujarat
Ans.D
Explanation:
The easternmost point of India is at the Changlang district near Kumki in the state of Arunachal Pradesh, whereas the westernmost point of India is at Guhar Moti in Kutch, near the Sir Creek in the state of Gujarat.
Consider the following pairs
Place of Pilgrimage. Locations
1. Srisailam : Nallamala Hills
2. Omkareshwar: Satmala Hills
3. Pushkar : Mahadeo Hills
✓ Which of the above pairs is/are correctly matched?
(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Ans. AExplanation:
Nallamala Hills are part of Srisailam and located in Eastern Ghats.
Omkareshwar is located in Satpura, Madhya Pradesh. Mahadeo Hills are a part of Satpura. The highest peak of Satpura is Dhoopgarh.
Pushkar is a religious place located in Ajmer district near Aravali.
Satmala Hills are located in Maharashtra.
Which one of the following pairs Islands is separated from each other by the Ten Degree Channel?
(a) Andaman and Nicobar
(b) Nicobar and Sumatra
(c) Maldives and Lakshadweep
(d) Sumatra and Java
Ans. A
Explanation:
The 'Ten Degree Channel' separates the islands of Andaman and Nicobar in the Bay of Bengal. The two sets of islands together form the Indian Union Territory of Andaman and Nicobar islands.
The channel is approximately 150 km wide, north of the equator running essentially along an East-West orientation.
If you travel through the Himalayas, you are likely to see which of the following plants naturally growing there?
1. Oak
2. Rhododendron
3.Sandalwood
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Ans. A
Explanation:
The Himalayas are the main place where montane forests can be found in India. The forests can be found upto a height of 1500 metres, on the foothills of Himalayas. At this altitude, the evergreen trees like Sal, Teak, Bamboo and Cane grow abundantly. The temperate conifer trees like Pine, Fir, Oak, Maple, Deodar, Laurel Spruce, Ceder, etc. grow on higher slope between 1500 metres to 3500 metres. The plant species like Rhododendrons and Junipers are found at the higher altitudes of the Himalayas.
Sandalwood is an evergreen tree which generally grows in the dry, deciduous forests of the Deccan Plateau. It grows almost exclusively in Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Andhra Pradesh.
Consider the following pairs:
Hills. : Region
1. Cardamom Hills : Coromandel Coast
2. Kaimur Hills : Konkan Coast
3. Mahadeo Hills : Central India
4. Mikir Hills : North-East India
Which of the above pairs are correctly matched?
(a) 1 and 2
(c) 3 and 4
(b) 2 and 3(d) 2 and 4
Ans. (c) Explanation: Cardamom Hills are a part of the Western Ghats, along the Malabar Coast. Kaimur Hills is eastern extension of Vindhya Range found in Sasaram, Rohtas, Bihar. Rest two are correctly matched.
When you travel in the Himalayas, you will see the following:
1. Deep gorges
2. U-turn river courses
3. Parallel mountain ranges
4. Steep gradients causing land-sliding
Which of the above can be said to be the evidences for the Himalayas being young fold mountains?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 1, 2 and 4 only
(c) 3 and 4 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
ns. D
Explanation
: The Himalayan mountains began forming in the late Cretaceous-Tertiary Period (70my) and continue to increase in elevation even today. That makes them among the youngest of mountain chains on the earth. They are fold mountains because of the compressive forces involved in the collision of the two continental plates involved, the Asian and the Indian/ Australian.
The Himalayas consists of several parallel mountain ranges. Noticeable geographic feature of this area are the deep gorges carved by the Indus in this region. The deepest of which, located at Dasu-Patan region (Kohistan district), is 6500 meters deep. The Brahmaputra rises in Tibbet east of Mansarovar lake very close to the sources of the Indus and the Satluj. It is slightly longer than the Indus, and most of its course lies outside India. It flows eastwards parallel to the Himalayas. On reaching the Namcha Barwa (7757m), it takes a 'U' turn and enters India in Arunachal Pradesh through a gorge. Here, it is called the Dihang and it is joined by the Dibang, the Lohit, the Kenula and many other tributaries to form the Brahmaputra in Assam. Hence, all options given in the question are correct.
Which one of the following is the appropriate reason for considering the Gondwana rocks as most important of rock systems of India?
(a) More than 90% of limestone reserves of India are found in them
(b) More than 90% of India's coal reserves are found in them
(c) More than 90% of fertile black cotton soil are spread over them
(d) None of the reasons given above is appropriate in this context
Ans. B
Explanation:
In India, Gondwana coal fields contribute 98% of the total coal education while the rest 2% is produced by tertiary coal fields. The Gondwana coal fields are located in the sedimentary rock systems of lower Gondwana age. They are distributed chiefly in the valleys of the Damodar, Son, Mahanadi, Godawari and Wardha. Tertiary coalfields occur in the extra- peninsular areas which include Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh, J&K and Sikkim.
18. If there were no Himalayan ranges, what would have been the most likely geographical impact on India?
1. Much of the country would experience the cold waves from Siberia.
2. Indo-Gangetic plain would be devoid of such extensive alluvial soils.
3. The pattern of monsoon would be different from what it is at present.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(b) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Ans. D
Explanation:
Impact of Himalayan range of India on Indian climate:
(1) They block the rain bearing monsoon winds from the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal. Therefore, the North Indian plain receive plenty of rainfall.
(2) There is a lot of snowfall in the higher region of the mountains. The snow melts in the summer season. The rivers like Ganga and Brahmaputra which rise among these ranges are fed by the waters of the melting snow. These rivers never dry up during the hot summer.
(3) They protect India from the cold, biting winds blowing from North Asia.
(4) The Himalayan rivers bring rich silt from the mountain and deposit it in the plains below. This silt has made the northern plains very fertile.
19. Which of the following hills are found where the Eastern Ghats and the Western Ghats meet? (2008)
(a) Anaimalai Hills
(c) Nilgiri Hills
(b) Cardamom Hills
(d) Shevoroy Hills
Ans. C
Explanation:
Nilgiri, literally means "Blue Mountain" in many languages. The hills are separated from the Karnataka plateau to the north by the Moyar river and from the Anaimalai Hills and Palni Hills to the south by the Palghat Gap. The Nilgiris district of Tamil Nadu lies within these mountains.
20. In India, how many States share the coastline? (2008)
(a) 7
(b) 8
(c) 9
(d) 10
Ans. C
Explanation:
Nine states in India share the coastline: Gujarat (1214 km), Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, Maharashtra, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka and Goa.
21. Which one of the following Himalayan Passes was re-opened around in the middle of the year 2006 to facilitate trade between India and China?
(a) Chang La
(b) Jara La
(c) Nathu La
(d) Shipki La
Ans. C
Explanation:
Nathu La pass was closed 44 years ago after the 1962 conflict. It was re-opened on July 6, 2006.
22. Which one among the following major Indian cities is most eastward located?(2007)
(a) Hyderabad
(b) Bhopal
(c) Lucknow
(d) Benguluru (Bangalore)
Ans. C
Explanation:
Lucknow amongst the above mentioned cities is located most eastward.
23. In which State is the Guru Shikhar Peak located? (2007)
(a) Rajasthan
(b) Gujarat
(c) Madhya Pradesh
(d) Maharashtra
Ans. A
Explanation:
Guru Shikhar, a peak at an altitude of 1722 m, is the highest point in Rajasthan. It is located at a distance of 16 km from Mount Abu. This peak is home to the temple of Dattatreya, an incarnation of Lord Vishnu.
24. Where are Shevaroy Hills located? (2007)
(a) Andhra Pradesh
(b) Karnataka
(c) Kerala
(d) Tamil Nadu
Ans. D
Explanation:
Shevaroy Hill are located near Salem in Tamil Nadu about 4500 ft. above sea-level and the hill range covers an area of fifty sq km.
25. Assertion (A): River Kalinadi is an east-flowing river in the southern part of India(2007)
Reason (R): The Deccan Plateau is higher along its western edge and gently slopes towards the Bay of Bengal in the east.
Codes:
(a) Both A and Rare individually true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are individually true but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans. D
Explanation:
River Kalinadi is a west flowing river. The Deccan plateau is tilted gently towards the east withi bold heights in the a small village in Uttar Kannada district. It flows westwards to join the Arabian sea near the town of Karwar.(2006)
26. Consider the following s statements:
Assertion (A): The percentage of net sown area in the total area of Andhra Pradesh is less as compared to that of West Bengal.
Reason (R) : The soil of most of the Andhra Pradesh is laterite.
In the context of above two statements, which one of the following is correct?
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans. C
Explanation:
The percentage of net sown area in Andhra Pradesh (38.94%), is less than that in West Bengal (62.2%). Red soils occupy over 66% of the cultivated area in Andhra Pradesh.
27. Consider the following statements:
1. Assam shares a border with Bhutan and Bangladesh (2006)
2. West Bengal shares a border with Bhutan and Nepal,
3. Mizoram shares a border with Bangladesh and Myanmar.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) 1, 2 and 3
(b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 2 and 3, only
(d) 1 and 3 only
Ans. A
Explanation: All the three statements given above are correct.
States bordering Nepal: Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, Sikkim.
States bordering Bangladesh: West Bengal, Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram.
States bordering China : Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh.
States bordering Myanmar : Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur and Mizoram.
States bordering Pakistan: Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab, Rajasthan and Gujarat.
28. Which one of the following statements is not correct?
(a) The Western Ghats are relatively higher in their northern region
(b) The Anaimudi is the highest peak in the Western Ghats
(c) Tapi river lies to the south of Satpura
(d) The Narmada and the Tapi river valleys are said to be old rift valleys
Ans. A
Explanation:
The Narmada and Tapi are two old rift valleys formed due to faulting and drained to the west joining ultimately in Arabian sea. The Western Ghats are relatively higher in their southern region. The highest peak (2696m) of Anaimudi is the central point from where three ranges radiate in three directions the Cardamom hills to the south, the Anamalai to the north and the Palini hills to the North-east. Tapi river lies to the south of Satpura and north of Ajanta ranges.
29. Which one of the following is the correct sequence of the given hills starting from the north and going towards the south?
(a) Nallamalai Hills-Nilgiri Hills-Javadi Hills-Anaimalai Hills
(b) Anaimalai Hills-Javadi Hills-Nilgiri Hills-Nallamalai Hills
(c) Nallamalai Hills-Javadi Hills-Nilgiri Hills-Anaimalai Hills
(d) Anaimalai Hills-Nilgiri Hills-Javadi Hills-Nallamalai Hills
Ans. C
Explanation: Nallamalai Hills - Javadi Hills - Nilgiri Hills - Anaimalai Hills.
30. Consider the following:
1. Mahadeo Hills
2. Sahyadri Parvat
3. Satpura Range
What is the correct sequence of the above from the north to the south?
(a) 1, 2, 3
(c) 1, 3, 2
(b) 2, 1, 3
(d) 2, 3, 1
Ans. C
Explanation:
Satpura range commences from Rajpipla hills in west, through Mahadeo hills, it extends to Maikala range in the east. Sahayadris are Western Ghats running from Tapti valley to north of Kanyakumari in North-South direction.
31. Assertion (A): The eastern coast of India produces more rice than the western coast.(2003)
Reason (R): The eastern coast receives more rainfall than the western coast.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans. (c) Explanation: In the river delta regions of the eastern coast, West Bengal, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Assam are producing more than 75% of rice. So,
A is correct. As south-west monsoon hits west coast first, it receives more rainfall than east coast. Thus, R is wrong.
32. The approximate age of the Aravallis range is (2001)
(a) 370 million years
(b) 470 million years
(c) 570 million years (d) 670 million years
Ans. (a) Explanation: The Aravallis range is one of the oldest mountain ranges in India. The approximate age of the Aravallis is 370 million years. It runs for around 800 km in a North-Eastern direction across Indian states of Gujarat, Rajasthan, Haryana and Delhi, It is also called as Mewat hills by locals.
What is the correct sequence of the following Indian states in descending order of their length of surface Proads per 100k * m ^ 2 of their area? (1998)
1. Haryana
3. Punjab
2. Maharashtra
4. Tamil Nadu
(a) 4, 3, 2, 1
(b) 4, 3, 1, 2
(c) 3, 4, 1, 2
(d) 3, 4, 2, 1
Ans. (a) Explanation: Arrangement of states in descending order of their lengths of the surface roads per 100 sq. km of their area.
Tamil Nadu has 158.78 km, Punjab has 127.78 km, Maharashtra has 117.61 km, Haryana has 63.70 km.
38. 'Saddle peak, the highest peak of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, is located in (1996)
(a) Great Nicobar
(c) Little Andaman
(b) Middle Andaman
(d) North Andaman
Ans. (d) Explanation: Saddle Peak (730 m) is situated in the North Andaman Island.
[1:20 pm, 20/02/2024] 2024Shamanth: 39. "You might see a few curious Danes around, but that is because it used to be Danish outpost. This quaint town with its fort and a beautiful church, the New Jerusalem, empty streets and deserted Pm beachfront is a quaint gem." The place referred to in this quotation lies on the (1996)
(a) Tamil Nadu coast
(b) Kerala coast
(c) Karnataka coast
(d) Goa coast
Ans. (a) Explanation: The quotation refers to Tranquebar of Tamil Nadu. In 1620 A.D. Danes established their settlement here.
40. The Palk Bay lies between
(1996)
(a) Gulf of Kachchh and Gulf of Khambhat
(b) Gulf of Mannar and Bay of Bengal
(c) Lakshadweep and Maldive Islands
(d) Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Ans. (b) Explanation: Palk Bay is situated between Sri Lanka and India and lies between Gulf of Mannar and Bay of Bengal.
41. The alpine vegetation in the western Himalayas is Ⅱ found only upto at height of 3000 metres while in the eastern Himalayas it is found upto a height of 4000 metres. The reason for this variation in the same mountain range is that (1995)
(a) eastern Himalayas are higher than western Himalayas
(b) eastern Himalayas are nearer to the equator and sea coast than western Himalayas
(c) eastern Himalayas get more monosoon rainfall than the western Himalayas
(d) eastern himalayas rocks are more fertile than the Western himalayas rocks
Ans. (c) Explanation: Eastern Himalayan region gets more monsoonal rain than the western Himalayas. That's why, alpine vegetation is found at greater height, say upto the height of (4000 meters) in Eastern Himalaya than Western Himalaya.
42. The palaeomagnetic results obtained from India indicated that in the past, the Indian land mass has moved (1995)
(a) northward
(b) southward
(c) eastward
(d) westward
Ans. (a) Explanation: Paleomagnetism is the study of the record of the Earth's magnetic field in rocks. Certain minerals in rocks lock-in a record of the direction and intensity of the magnetic field, when they form. Paleomagnetic results shows that the Indian land mass has moved northwards.
43. The Indian subcontinent was originally part of a huge mass called
(a) Jurassic land mass
(b) Aryavarta
(b) Aryavarta
(d) Gondwana continent
Ans. (d) Explanation: Indian Subcontinent was originally part of Gondwana continent. It was separated into South America, Africa, India, Australia and Antarctica in late cretaceous period. By drifting northward, Indian subcontinent got separated from various other continents. Indian plate later merged with Eurasian plate in the north.
44. Which one of the following mountain ranges is spread over only one State in, India? (1995)
(a) Aravalli
(b) Satpura
(c) Ajanta
(d) Sahyadri
Ans. (c) Explanation: Ajanta ranges are the smallest as per the question and spread within Maharashtra. Aravalli mountain range spreads in Gujarat and Rajasthan. Satpura range starts from the state of Gujarat and extends from Maharashtra to Karnataka.
45. Arakan Yoma is the extension of the Himalayas located in (1995)
(a) Baluchistan
(b) Myanmar
(c) Nepal
(d) Kashmir
Ans. (b) Explanation: South-eastern extension of Himalayas in Myanmar is called Arakanyoma.
[1:21 pm, 20/02/2024] 2024Shamanth: 36. Match List-l with List-ll and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists:
List-l List-II
A. Deccan Traps 1. Late Cenozoic
B. Western Ghats 2.Pre-cambrian
C. Aravalli 3.Cretaceous Eocene
D. Narmada-Tapi 4. Cambrian
alluvial deposits 5. Pleistocene
A B C D A B C D
(a) 3 5 1 4 (b) 3 1 2 5
(c) 2 1 3 4 (d) 1 4 2 5
Ans. (b)
Explanation: Aravallis were formed in Pre- Cambrian age and is the oldest hill range in the country. Deccan traps were formed in Cretaceous Eocene age, Western Ghats were formed in Late Cenozoic age
Narmada-Tapi were formed in Pleistocene age.