Q1Medieval India 1Mar
Muslim Invasion
I. The Mongols under Chengez Khan invaded India during the reign of-
(A) Balban
(B) Firoz Tughlaq
(C) Iltutmish
(D) Muhammad Bin Tughlaq
Ans. (C)
Explanation:
1. The Mongols from Central Asia created difficult situations for several Indian Sultans.
2. Their invasions weakened the powers of some of the rulers so much that they had to suffer humiliation.
3. During the beginning of the 12th century C.E. Mongols under the leadership of Chengez Khan invaded several countries.
4. India barely escaped their fury, the Shah of Khwarizm, Jalal-ud-Din was forced by the Mongols to flee from his country.
5. He sought refuge with Sultan Iltutmish who very diplomatically sent him back on the plea of unsuitable climate of India.
6. The Shah was hotly being pursued by the Mongols. Fortunately for India, the Mongols had to return from the frontiers of India on account of political exigencies in Central Asia.
II. In which battle Muhammad Ghori defeat Chand?
(A) Battle of Tarain (1191 AD)
(B) Battle of Tarain (1192 AD)
(C) Battle of Chandawar (1194 AD)
(D) Battle of Kannauj (1194 AD)
Ans. (C)
Explanation:
1. In the Battle of Chandawar during 1194 A.D. Ghori defeated the king of Kannauj Jai Chand of Gahadavala dynasty.
2. The battle took place at Chandawar (modern Firozabad) on the Jamuna River. Jaichand was defeated in this battle.
III. Which one of the following king was defeated by Muhammad Ghori in the Battle of Chandawar?
(A) Prithviraj
(B) Jai Chand
(C) Kumar Pala
(D) Bhima-II
Ans:(C)
Explanation:
1. Muhammad Ghori was determined to establish his authority over India. In 1191, he proceeded towards Indian Subcontinent through the Khyber Pass and stormed the strategic fortress of Tabarhindah.
2. The Battle of Chandawar (1194) was fought between Mu'izz al-Din Muhammad Ghori Sultan of the Ghurid Empire and Jaya Chandra (Jaichand) of Kannauj (Raja of Banaras) of the Gahadavala dynasty.
3. King of Kannauj Jai Chand Gahadaval was defeated by Muhammad Ghori in this battle. The battle was fought at Chandawar (modern Firozabad) on the Yamuna River close to Agra.
4. In most accounts the Gahadavalas were close to victory when an arrow hit Jai Chand in the eye, killing him.
IV. Coins of which Muslim ruler bear an image of Devi Lakshmi?
(A) Muhammad Ghori
(B) Alauddin Khalji
(C) Akbar
(D) None of the above
Ans.(A)
Explanation:
1. Muhammad Ghori is known to have adopted the seated goddess Lakshmi type of the coins of Gahadavalas for circulation in the Gahadavala territories.
2. He got stamped the figure of Goddess Lakshmi on his coins and had his name inscribed in Nagari Characters.
V. The famous historian who visited India with Mahmud Ghazni was-
(A) Feristah
(B) Al-Biruni
(C) Atif
(D) Ibn Battuta
Ans. (B)
Explanation :
1. Abu Rayhan Al-Biruni was born in Khwarazm, Al-Biruni was born near Kath and the town where he was born is today called Biruni after the great scholar.
2. During 11th century A.D. Al-Biruni, the father of Indian Historical writing, accompanied Mahmud Ghazni to India and stayed here for many years.
3. Al-Biruni describes the religion and philosophy of India, its caste system and marriage customs.
4. Al-Biruni studied Indian literature in the original, translating several Sanskrit texts into Arabic. He translated Patanjali's Yoga-Sutra into Arabic, his most important and famous work was Tahqiq-I-Hind in which he described about the socio and cultural life of India.
VI. Which slave of Muhammad Ghori conquered Bengal and Bihar?
(A) Qutbuddin Aibak
(B) Iltutmish
(C) Bakhtiyar Khilji
(D) Yaldauj
Ans. (C)
Explanation:
1. Ekhtiyar Uddin Muhammad-Bin-Bakhtiyar Khilzi was an ordinary slave of Muhammad Ghori who conquered Bengal and Bihar during 1202-1205 A.D. Khilzi conquered Bihar and destroyed ancient college city of Nalanda and Vikramshila University.
2. His career took a new turn when he subjugated Bihar in 1203. In the same year he took his forces into Bengal in 1204-05 A.D., and conquered Nabadwip from the old emperor Lakshman Sen in 1203.
3. Subsequently, Khilji went on to capture the capital and the principal city, Gaur and intruded into much of Bengal. Khilji did not try to conquer the whole of the Bengal and he made his capital in Lakhavti..
VII. Battle that laid the foundation of Muslim domination in India was:
(A) First Battle of Tarain
(B) Second Battle of Tarain
(C) First Battle of Panipat
(D) Second Battle of Panipat
Explanation :
1. Muhammad Ghori was determined to establish his authority over India.
2. In 1191, He stormed the strategic fortress of Tabarhindah (either Bhatinda or Sirhind), which was situated within the dominion of Prithviraj Chauhan and laid siege to the city, which was the main reason behind the first battle of Tarain in 1191.
3. Muhammad Ghori was defeated by Prithviraj Chauhan in this battle. Muhammad Ghori was not disheartened over his defeat.
4. He increased his strength and army power and made preparations to revenge his defeat.
5. He then reappeared in 1192 A.D at Tarain and fought again with Prithviraj Chauhan in the Second Battle of Tarain. Muhammad Ghori became victorious in this battle and captured Ajmer.
6. The second battle of Tarain was fought between the force led by Muhammad Ghori and the Chauhan Rajput army led by Prithviraj Chauhan in 1192 A.D. near the town of Tarain.
7. The battle is a landmark in the history of India.
8. It ensured the ultimate success of Muhammad Ghori against the Prithviraj Chauhan and Indian states, the Muslim power was strongly enrooted in northern India, which may be regarded as a turning point in Indian history.
VIII. Which one of the following rulers from Central Asia conquered North India in 1192?
(A) Jalaluddin Mankbarni
(B) Mahmud of Ghazni
(C) Shihabuddin Muhammad Ghori
(D) Chingiz Khan
Ans.(C)
Explanation :
1. After Mahmud of Ghazni the next invader in India was Muhammad Ghori, as a prince he was known as Shahab-ud-dina.
2. Muhammad Ghori's first invasion took place in 1175 A.D. on the Muslim states of Multan and the fortress of Uchch. In 1179, he attacked Gujarat but was defeated by its ruler.
3. His next attack was on Lahore in 1189, which was successful, bringing the remaining territory under Ghori's control.
4. In 1191 A.D., he fought the battle of Tarain with Prithviraj Chauhan but was defeated in this battle.
5. Although, in the second battle of Tarain (1192), Prithviraj was defeated by Ghori and the victory paved the way for Ghori to push Muslim rule in India.
IX. Which one of the following rulers from Central Asia conquered North India in 1192?
(A) Jalaluddin Mankbarni
(B) Mahmud of Ghazni
(C) Shihabuddin Muhammad Ghori
(D) Chingiz Khan
Ans.(C)
Explanation :
1. After Mahmud of Ghazni the next invader in India was Muhammad Ghori, as a prince he was known as Shahab-ud-dina.
2. Muhammad Ghori's first invasion took place in 1175 A.D. on the Muslim states of Multan and the fortress of Uchch. In 1179, he attacked Gujarat but was defeated by its ruler.
3. His next attack was on Lahore in 1189, which was successful, bringing the remaining territory under Ghori's control.
4. In 1191 A.D., he fought the battle of Tarain with Prithviraj Chauhan but was defeated in this battle.
5. Although, in the second battle of Tarain (1192), Prithviraj was defeated by Ghori and the victory paved the way for Ghori to push Muslim rule in India.
X. Who was appointed as the first 'Aqta' by Muhammad Ghori in India?
(A) Tajuddin Yalduz
(B) Qutubuddin
(C) Shamsuddin Iltutmish
(D) Nasiruddin Qabacha
Ans. (B)
Explanation :
1. Aqta system was established in North India after the victories of Muhammad Ghori.
2. In 1191 C.E. he appointed Qutb-ud-din Aibak as Hansi Aqta and after the death of Ghori in 1206 C.E. Qutb- ud-din Aibak became the governor of the Indian provinces of Ghori.
3. In battle of Tarain, Aibak played an important role, Ghori appointed Aibak the administrator of Khurram and Samana.
4. Aibak functioned as an independent ruler after Ghori's death.
5. He not only helped Muhammad in all his Indian compaigns but also consolidated and extended his conquests in his absence.
6. Qutbuddin began his reign with the modest title Malik and Sipahsalar that had been conferred upon him by Muhammad Ghori.
XI. Hazrat Muhammad, the prophet, was born in year:
(A) 570 A.D.
(B) 622 A.D.
(C) 642 A.D.
(D) 670 A.D.
Ans.(A)
Explanation:
1. Hazrat Muhammad was born approximately in 570 A.D (Year of the Elephant) in the Arabian city of Mecca.
2. He is the prophet and founder of Islam.
3. Muhammad united Arabia into a single Muslim polity and ensured that his teachings, practices and the Quran formed the basis of Islamic religious belief.
4. He is known as the "Holy Prophet" to Muslims and 622 A.D. he and his followers migrated from Mecca to marks the Medine Calendar known as Hijri Calendar. He died in 632 A.D.
XII. Given below are two statements one is labelled as Assertion [A] and the other as Reason [R]-
Assertion [A]: Mohd. Ghazni invaded India seventeen times.
Reason [R]: He wanted to establish permanent Muslim Empire in India.
Select the correct answer from the given codes:
Codes:
(A) Both [A] and [R] are true, and [R] is the correct explanation of [A].
(B) Both [A] and [R] are true, but [R] is not the correct explanation of [A].
(C) [A] is true, but [R] is false.
(D) [A] is false, but [R] is true.
Ans. (C)
Explanation :
1. Mahmud of Ghazni also known as Mahmud-i- Zabuli was the most prominent ruler of Ghaznavid Empire.
2. He conquered the northwestern Indian subcontinent from 997 to his death in 1030.
3. He was the first ruler to hold the title of sultan, he invaded and plundered parts of Hindustan seventeen times during 1000 C.E. to 1027 C.E.
4. He was a ruthless raider and in all these invasions, his aim was not to establish any permanent Muslim rule in India.
5. In 1024 Mahmud raided Gujarat, plundering the Somnath temple and took away a booty of 2 million dinars. At the age of 59 Sultan Mahmud died in Ghazni.
XIV . Who was the court historian of Mahmud of Ghazni?
(A) Hasan Nizami
(B) Utbi
(C) Firdausi
(D) Chand Bardai
Ans. (B)
Explanation :
Mahmud of Ghazni was just a plunderer who mounted at least 17 raids in India. But in his kingdom in Afghanistan, he had shown love for art and culture. He patronized three persons:
(i) Firdausi (Persian Poet, known as Homer of the East) who wrote Shahnama.
(ii) Albiruni (a brilliant scholar from Central Asia) who wrote Tahqiq-I-Hind.
(iii) Utbi (court historian), who wrote Kitab-ud- yamini.
XV . Which one of the following statements about Albiruni is not correct?
(A) He was a secular author
(B) His writing was influenced by India
(C) He was a Sanskrit Scholar
(D) He was an expert of trigonometry
Ans: (C)
Explanation:
1. Al-biruni was not a secular writer because even though he accompanied Ghazni, he never gave any sympathetic reference to the contemporary event of Somnath temple raid by Mahmud of Ghazni in 1026.
2. Al-biruni was the first scholar, atleast in the Muslim world, whose interest in other religious traditions went beyond the then common tendency of treating the Hindus as heretics or polytheists, despite their apparently idolatrous practices.
3. He was a great Sanskrit scholar.
4. He extensively quotes Sanskrit literatures to discuss the Hindu belief in God.
XVI. Who defcated Muhammad Ghori for the first time?
(A) Bhima-11
(B) Prithviraj Chauhan
(C) Jai Chand
(D) Prithviraj-II
Ans.(A)
Explanation :
1. The first battle of Muhammad Ghori against a Hindu ruler was with Raja Bhimdev-II of Gujarat who was a member of Solanki Dynasty.
2. This is called "Battle of Gujarat" and took place at Kayadra near Mount Abu. Raja Bhimdev-II was a young man and real regent was his mother Naikidevi
XVII . Arrange the following names chronologically and select correct answer from the codes given below:
1. Genghis Khan
2. Mahmud Ghaznavi
3. Muhammad Ghori
4. Taimur
Codes:-
(A) 1, 2, 3, 4
(B) 2, 3, 1, 4
(C) 3, 4, 1, 2
(D) 4, 1, 2, 3
Ans. (B)
Explanation:
1. Mahmud Ghaznavi:-During 1000 A.D. to 1027 A.D. He attacked India for 17 times.
2. Muhammad Ghori:- Ghori's first attack occurred in 1175 A.D. and then he attacked again and again till 1206 A.D.
3. Genghis (Changiz) Khan:- Genghis Khan the Mongol Empire launched several invasions into India from 1221 to 1327 A.D.