Open Blog Tes Sociology 1 B Mains Marriage

Qts  I What is marriage?

Ans 1 Marriage is an institution, which admits men and women to family life. 

2.This institution has social recognition and religious sanction. 

3. In almost all the societies one or the other form of marriage exists.

4. Marriage provides for a young man and woman, a home where privacy, companionship and socially approved relations may occur. 

5This home-giving form of economic cooperation and psychosexual companionship has always been the basic contribution of marriage to the adults of the population.

Qts II. What is definition of marriage of Murdock

Ans G.P. Murdock :Maintains that there are two preconditions of marriage

i) Regular or normal cohabitation in the same household and

ii) Some degree of economic cooperation.

Qts 1II. What is Monogamy

Ans   Institutionally, it is permitted to have only one spouse at a time. Modern societies practice this type of marriage . Some tribal groups in India such as Khasis, Kadar, Santhals etc. practice monogamous marriage .The Hindu Marriage Act 1955 provides monogamy as the form of marriage.

 Qts IV What is Fraternal polyandry (Adelphic polyandry):

Ans  in this type of marriage several brothers share a common wife. It is also called as levirate 

Toda and Jaunsar Bawar practice this marriage.

Fraternal polyandry was practiced by larger number of groups like the Irava, Kaniyan

Among Toda Tribals  "Rite of Bow and Arrow  ceremony" determines the father.

Qts V What is Non Fraternal polyandry (Non Adelphic polyandry): 

Ans  in this type of marriage two husbands  share a common wife. 

In Kerala plantation Nayar girl ( who are plantation labor) marry Nambudiri Boy 

( who is plantation owner son) and also she marry Nayar boy

Qts VI What is  Sororate Polygyny

 

Ans Sororate Polygyny means a man marries with his wife's sister 

Qts VII What is Non Sororate Polygyny  means a man marries other than wife's sister

Ans  Non Sororate Polygyny  means a man marries other than wife's sister

Qts VIII What is Endogamy 

Ans Endogamy mean marriage in same caste or religion or race

Reason for Endogamy is for maintaining unity among same group

Qts IX What is Exogamy 

Ans Exogamy means avoiding marriage in certain group of people

Qts X What is Hypergamy or Anuloma

Ans .Hypergamy means Brahmin boy can marry girl from Kshatriya, Vaishya, Shudra but not Visa versa

or Kshatrya boy can marry girl from Vaishya, Shudra but not Visa versa

or Vaishya boy can marry girl from  Shudra but not Visa versa

Among Hindus Hypergamy or Anuloma permitted

Qts XI What is Hypogamy or Pratiloma 

Ans Hypogamy or Pratiloma means Brahmin girl can marry boy from Kshatriya, Vaishya, Shudra 

Hypogamy Or Pratiloma not permitted

Qts XII What is Probationary Marriage

Ans  1. As per Probationary marriage, before marriage a boy can live in his sweetheart (ie girl) house for weeks  together,

2. If a boy and girl like each  other, they will marry. If they don't like boy will give cash compensation to the girl's  parents. He will come out

3. It practiced by Kuki Tribal

Qts XXIII What is Marriage by Capture

Ans 1. As per marriage by capture, a boy captures/ kidnaps a girl and marry her. 

2. It was practiced by Naga, Ho, Gond, Bhil, Birhor trials

3. Sometimes, a boy captures a girl ceremonially. Eg: Kharia, a boy who captured a girl by applying vermillion to the girl. Surprisingly

4. Ho  tribal call marriage by capture as Oportopi

5. Gond tribal call marriage by capture as Posiother

Qts XIV What is Marriage by Trial 

Ans 1. As per this boy will marry a girl after proving his personal courage and bravery in front of girl

2. Among Bhil tribal, during Holi festival day, unmarried boys and girls dance around a pole or tree. 

3. Girls make rings around a pole or tree.

4. Boys make an outer ring around a pole or tree.

5. Now any boy can enter a girl's ring, but girls resist entering the inner ring through tearing his clothes, pulling his hair, striking with broom sticks etc.

6. Successful boy enter the inner ring, climb a pole or tree. Hit a coconut which is tied on top of the pole or tree

7. After hitting, coconut boy can choose any girl from the inner ring for marriage

Qts XV What is Marriage by Purchase

Ans 1. In marriage by purchase, boy purchase girl through paying a bride price or cash payment to girl  parents.

2.It is practiced by Naga, Rengma Naga, Ho, Angami Naga tribals

Qts XVI What is Marriage by Service

Ans 1. In marriage by service , a boy is unable to give a bride price to a girl's parents. 

2. A boy will work as a servant in a girl's house before marriage. 

3 . While working in a girl's house, boy will not receive wage 

4. After the lapse of some years, boy marry his land Lord daughter

5. It is practiced by Gond tribal

Qts XVII What is Marriage by Exchange

Ans 1. Marriage by exchange consists of exchanging sisters and brothers from two families for marriage.

2. Example,   Kilan marry Liyan's sister and Liyan marry Kilan's sister.

6. Servant cum future husband called Lamsena /Gaharia

Qts XVIII What is Marriage by Mutual Consent and elopement 

Ans 1. Marriage by mutual consent and elopement consists of   both a boy and girl run away from their families. 

2. Boy and  Girl marry together

3. Return home after childbirth

4. Parents accept them due to  lack of alternative 

5. Ho tribal  call this Rajilkushi

Qts XIX What is Marriage by Intrusion

Ans 1. In Marriage by Intrusion, a girl  forcefully enters her sweetheart (a boy who is unwilling to marry her) house. 

2.  Boy will humiliate, insult her, but she will tolerate, 

3. Gradually, the boy's heart will change. 

4. Boy will marry girl who entered his house forcefully.

5. Ho, Bihor Oraon tribal practicing  marriage by intrusion or Anader.

Qts XX What is BRAHMA MARRIAGE:

Ans Father gifts his daughter to a learned man of good character.

Qts XXI What is  DAIVA MARRIAGE: 

Ans Father gifts his daughter to young priest

Qts XXII What is ARSHA MARRIAGE: 

Ans 1. Future son-in-law makes the gift of a bull and cow to girl's father.

2. In return father gifts his daughter to boy

Qts XXIII What is  ASURA MARRIAGE: 

Ans Boy will purchase girl from her father

Qts XXIV What is GANDHARVA MARRIAGE:

Ans  It is marriage based on mutual love.

Qts XXV What is PRAJAPATYA  MARRIAGE: 

Ans 1. Father gifts his daughter to a man, after duly honoring him and advise the couple to perform dharma together.

2. Here boy learning is not important, but in Brahma marriage his learning is important.

3. After marriage groom should stay in Bride parents house

Qts XXVI Wht is RAKSHASA MARRIAGE: 

Ans Boy forcefully take away girl and marry her

Qts XXVII PAISHACHA MARRIAGE: 

Ans 1.Boy will have Sexual activity with intoxicated girl who is in sleep or unconscious or unsound. 

2. Due to Lack of alternative Girl marry Boy

Qts XXVIII Wht is NIKHA  means Muslims marriage.

Ans NIKHA  means Muslims marriage.

Qts XXIX What is DOWER/MEHAR: 

Ans DOWER/MEHAR: It is sum of money or other property which wife is entitled to get from her husband in consideration of marriage

Qts XXX What is TALUQ:

Ans TALUQ: It is divorce given by husband to wife through uttering Talaq three times.

Qts XXXI What is  IDDAT:

Ans IDDAT: It is 45 days gap between two talaq's.

Qts XXXII What is MUBARAT

Ans MUBARAT: It is divorce given by both husband and wife through mutual understanding.

Qts XXXIII Whet is MUTA MARRIAGE -

Ans MUTA MARRIAGE -Temporary Marriage - Men have freedom for giving divorce.

Qts XXXIV  Is Christian Marriage monogamy

Ans Christians practice  Monogamy

Qts XXXV What is KHULA/KHAL

Ans KHULA/KHAL: Divorce from wife side.

Qts XXXVI What is BILLA MARRIAGE

Ans BILLA MARRIAGE -Temporary Marriage Women have freedom for giving divorce.