europeans

  

Qts 1.Explain Advent of Europeans

1 Vasco da Gama of Portugal discovered a new sea route from Europe to India in 1498.

2. Zamorin , Kerala ruler received Vasco da Gama 

3.The first to come to India as traders were the Portuguese in 1498 followed by, The Dutch 1595. the British 1600 , the Danes 1616 and the French   1632

Qts 2.Write about Portuguese 

Cochin was the early capital of the Portuguese in India. Later on Goareplaced it.

The Cape route was discovered from Europe to India by Vasco da Gama. He reached the port of Calicut on the 17 May, 1498 and was received by the Hindu ruler of Calicut (Zamorin).

They established trading stations at Calicut, Cochin and Cannanore.

Alfonso de Albuquerque arrived in India in 1503, was the 2nd governor in 1509. He captured Goa from the ruler of Bijapur in 1510 is known for him policy of Imperialism. (The first governor was Francisco de Almeida between 1505-09 who introduced the policy of blue water).

Other Governors-Nino da Cunha (1529-38): transferred his capital from Cochin to Goa (1530) and acquired Diu and Bassein (1534) from Bahadur Shah of Gujarat; Martin Alfonso de Souza (1542-45): the famous Jesuit saint Franrisco Xavier arrived in India with him.

In 1661 the King of Portugal gave Bombay to Charles II of England as dowry

Qts 3. Write about Dutch 

The Dutch East India Company was formed in March, 1602.

The Dutch set up their first factories at Masulipatam (1605). Pulicat was thein main centre in India till 1690, after which Negapatam replaced it.

The Dutch replaced the Portuguese as the most dominant power in Europear trade with the East.

The Dutch conceded to English after their defeat in the Battle of Bedera in 1759

Qts 4. Write about English

John Mildenhall was the first Englishman who arrived in India in 1599 by the land route for the purpose of trade with Indian merchants.

The English East India company was formed in 1600 and continued its existence till 1858.

Captain William Hawkins arrived at Jahangir's court (1609) to seek permission to open a factory at Surat but succeed in 1613.

In 1615, Sir Thomas Roe came to India as ambassador of James I to Jahangir's court to obtain the permission to set up factories in different parts of the empire.

The East India Company acquired Bombay from Charles II on lease. Gerald Aungier was its first governor from 1669 to 1677.

In 1639, Francis Day obtained the site of Madras from the Raja of Chandragiri with permission to build a fortified factory, which was named Fort St. George. In 1690, Job Charnock established a factory at Sutanuti. The three villages of Sutanuti, Kalikata and Govindpur were acquired by the British in 1698 and these villages later grew into the city of Calcutta.

The factory at Sutanuti was fortified in 1696 and this new fortified settlement was named Fort William's in 1700.

Qts 5. Write  about Danish 

The Danes formed an East India Company and arrived in India in 1616. They established settlements at Tranquebar (in Tamil Nadu) in 1620 and at Serampore (Bengal) in 1676. Serampore was their headquarters in India. - They were forced to sell all their settlements in India to the British in 1854.

Qts 6.Write about French 

The French East India Company was set up by Colbert in 1664.

The first French factory was established by Francois Caron at Suratin 1665. A factory at Masulipatam was set up in 1669.

The French power in India was gained by Lenoir and Dumas (governors)

between 1720 and 1742 by occuping Mahe in the Malabar, Yanam in Coromandal

and Karikal in Tamil Nadu.

Dupleix as French governor in India in 1742 saw the beginning of Anglo- French conflict (Carnatic wars).