58 A1 msp 28Mar

1. What is Rabi crops

   These are sown in October and harvested in April. Wheat, barley, gram, peas, mustard oil, etc. are important Rabi crops.

2. What is Kharif crops

    Crops of rainy season which are sown in July and harvested in Oct./Nov. Rice, jowar, bajra, maize, cotton, soyabeen groundnut, jute, sugarcane, tobacco, etc., are important crops.

3. What is Zaid crops

    Sown in March and harvested in June. Maize, groundnut, moong, vegetables and fruits are grown with the help of irrigation.

4.What is first Green Revolution

       The term 'Green Revolution' was coined by Dr William Gade. It was a part of new agricultural strategy, which included, the Intensive Agriculture District Programme (IADP) and the High Yielding Varieties Programme (HYVP).

It was launched in the year 1966 and was the brainchild of Norman Borlaug, though in India, it was made successful by Dr MS Swaminathan.

The Green Revolution demanded high yielding seed, increasing irrigation, pesticides, fertilizer etc. The achievement of Green Revolution were rise in cereal production especially wheat and rice.

5.what is Second Green Revolution

     The Second Green Revolution was given by then Prime Minister Manmohan Singh at the 93rd Science Conference in 2006. The Second Green Revolution seeks to cover dryland farming and concentrate on the small and marginal farmers. It seeks to raise the foodgrain production to 400 million tonnes by 2020.

The Second Green Revolution seeks to build up on the achievements of first Green Revolution and bridge the regional and crop imbalance, which were not addressed by First Green Revolution.

6. What is Evergreen Revolution

Concept given by agricultural scientist Dr MS Swaminathan. The concept emphasises on organic agriculture and green agriculture with the help of integrated pest management, integrated nutrient supply and integrated natural resource management.

7. Explain About Agriculture Credit

There are two sources of credit available to farmers, viz institutional and private.

Institutional Credit covers cooperative societies and banks, commercial banks, Regional Rural Bank and NABARD.

Non-Institutional/Private sources of credit are moneylenders, traders and commission agents, relatives and landlords.

Lead Bank Scheme (LBS) based on area approach was launched in 1969 on the recommendation of Dr Gadgil Committee and Narasimham Committee. Under the LBS, all the 14 nationalised banks and a few private sector banks were allotted specific districts and were asked to play the 'lead role' in coordinating credit deployment.

8. Explain Basic Aim Of  Public Distribution System (PDS)

PDS was envisaged in 1967 to act as a price support programme for the consumer during the periods of food shortage of the 1960's.

PDS is the largest distribution network of its kind in the world.

The basic aim was to provide essential commodities such as rice, wheat, sugar, edible oil, soft coke and kerosene at subsidised prices

9. Write The Industrial Policy Resolution, 1956

The objective was establishment of socialistic pattern of the society where the commanding heights of the economy is controlled by the state.

IPR 1956 expanded the three lists which existed in IPR 1948. This resolution formed the basis of the Second Five Year Plan.

Although there was a category of industries left to the private sector, the sector was kept under state control through a system of licenses.

10. Write About Privatization

Privatization is to increase participation of private sectorin the public sector companies by capital investment or by management or both or to hand over a public sector unit to a private company is called privatization.

11. Write About Liberalization

 Liberalization is the process by which government control is relaxed or abolished.

12. Write About Globalization 

The process of amalgamation of an economy with world economy is called Globalization. It is signified by lower duties on import and export. By doing so, that sector will also get private capital and foreign technology.

13. Write About Disinvestment :

To reduce the government share in the public sector is called disinvestment.

14. Write About Iron and Steel Industry

India is the largest producer of sponge iron 2002. India is the fourth largest producer of crude steel in the world after China, Japan and the USA in 2010.

Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL) was established in 1974 for the development of the steel industry.

A First steel industry at Kulti, West Bengal Iron Works Company was established in 1870. First large scale steel plant. TISCO at Jamshedpur (1907) was followed by IISCO at Burnpur (1919) were established.

The first public owned steel plant was Rourkela Integrated Steel Plant set-up in 1954 with the help of German.