Medieval India- Vijaynagar kingdom

Vijaynagar Kingdom 

Qts1 Write about  Sangamas 

 The Sangamas (1336-1485 AD)

1. The empire of Vijaynagar was founded by Harihara-land Bukkawo of the fos sons of Sangama. They were originally feudatories of Kakatiyas
2. Harihara-I was the first ruler. A Bhakti saint Vidyaranya motivated him.
3.  The next ruler was Deva Raya-1(1406-1422). He constructed a dam across the river Tungabhadra to bring the canals into the city to relieve the shortage of water. Italian travelers Nicolo Conti and Russian Nikitin visited during his reign. His court was adorned by the gifted Telegu poet Srinatha, the author of Haravilasam. There was a Pearl Hall in the palace where he honoured men of eminence.
4.  Deve Raya-II (1423-46) was the greatest Sangama ruler. During his timος, Vijaynagar became the most wealthy and powerful state. The commemers believed that he was the incarnation of Indra. He wrote Mahanataka Sudhanidhi and a commentary on the Brahma Sutrasof Badaryana (Both in Sanskrit). The inscriptions speak of his title Gajabetekara, i.e., the elephant hunter. Persian ambassador Abdur Razzaq visited his court.
5. Sangama dynasty was replaced by Saluva dynasty, (1486-1505 AD) which lasted for 2 decades. Ultimately, a new dynasty called the Tuluva dynasty (1503-69 AD) was founded by Vira Narsimha.

Qts2 Write about Tuluvas 

The Tuluvas (1505-1570 AD)

1. Krishnadeva Raya (1509-29) was their greatest ruler. Portuguese traveler, Domingo Paes, wrote high about him. Berbosaalso came as a traveler. He was a warrior, an administrator and a patron of art and literature,
2.  Built a new city Nagalapuram and decorated it with Hazura temple and Vithalswamy temple.
3. His political ideas are contained in his Telegu work Amuktamalyada (also Jambavati Kalyanamin Sanskrit). As a great patron of literature, he was known as Abhinava Bhoja, Andhra Pitamaha and Andhra Bhoja.
4. Eight great poets of Telvgu, known as Ashta Diggaja adorned his court. Pedanna wrote Manucharitam, while Tenalirama was the author of Panduranga Mahamatyam.
5.  The successors of Krishnadeva Raya were weak and incompetent rulers. Achyuta Raya followed him. A Portuguese traveler Fernoa Nunizcame during his reign.
6. Sadasiva, the last ruler of the dynasty, was a puppet in the hands of his PM. Rama Raya, who was an able but arrogant man. In 1565, Battle of Talikota was fought between an alliance of Ahmednagar, Bijapur, Golkonda and Bidar on one side and Sadasiva on the other side. Sadasiva was defeated.
7. After that, Aravidu dynasty (1570-1650 AD) was founded by Rama Raya's brother, Thirumala. Aravidu dynasty lingered on for almost 10 years, but no political influence. Caesor Fredrick (1567-68 AD) visited Vijaynagar after the Battle of Talikota.

Qts 3 Write about Vijaynagar Architecture

1.  Produced a new style of architecture called as Provida style (prominence of pillars and piers). Horse was the most common animal on the pillars. Another important feature was the Mandapa or open pavilion with a raised platform, meant for seating deities.
2. The Vijaynagar rulers inscribed the stories of the Ramayana and the Mahabharata on the walls of the various temples. Hazara temple and Vithalswami temples are examples of this type of wall inscription.
3. Important temples were Vithalswami and Hazara temples at Hampi, Tadapatri and Paravati temples at Chidambaramand Varadraja and Ekambarnatha temples at Kanchipuram.