78 A 1 Indo Greek 8 Mar

Qts 1 Explain Indo Greek

1The first to invade India were the Greeks, who are called the Indo-Greeks or Bactrian Greeks

2 In the beginning of the second century B.C. the Indo-Greeks occupied a large part of north-western India

3.The most famous Indo-Greek ruler was Menander or Milinda (165-145 B.C.)

4.He had his capital at Sakala in Punjab; and he invaded the Ganga-Yamuna doab.

5.He was converted to Buddhism by Nagasena, who is also known as Nagarjuna.

6.Menander asked Nagasena many questions relating to Buddhism.

7.These questions and Nagasena's answers were recorded in the form of a book known as Milinda Panho or the Question of Milinda.

8. The Indo-Greeks were the first to issue gold coins in India. 

Qts 2 Explain Saka 

1.The Sakas came to India through the Bolan Pass. 

2. The first Saka King in India was Maues or Moga who established Saka power in Gandhara.

3. The most famous Saka ruler in India was Rudradaman I (AD 130-150).

4. Rudradaman I achievements are highlighted in his Junagarh inscription 

5.Rudradaman I  repaired of Sudarshana lake in Kathiawar.

6. Junagarh inscription written in Sanskrit.

Qts 3. Explain the Parthians (1ª Century BC-1 Century AD)

1. The Parthians (1ª Century BC-1 Century AD)

2. The Parthians  originally they lived in Iran,

3. From Iran  they moved to India. 

4. Paithans occupied  a small portion in North-West India in the first century.

5  Most famous Parthian King was Gondophernes (AD 19 to AD 45),

6. During Gondophernes  reign St. Thomas is said to have come to India for the propagation of Christianity.

Qts 4 Explain Kushans 

1.  Kushans also called Yuechis or Tbcharians.

2. Kushans migrated to India from Central India 

3. Kushan Kingdom extended between Present Peshawar in Pakistan to Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh

4. Kushans had two successive dynasties. The first dynasty was founded by a house of chiefs who were called Kadphises and who ruled for 28 years.

5. Peshawar also called as Purushapura was their first capital and Mathura was their second capital

6.. It had two kings. The first was Kadphises-I and the second king was Kadphises II, who issued a large number of gold money and spread his kingdom east of the Indus.

7. Kanishka was the most famous Kushan ruler. 

8.Kanishka started  an era in 78AD , which is now known as the Shaka era and is used by the Government of India.

8. Kanishka extended his wholehearted patronage to Buddhism.

9.Kanishka held a Buddhist council in Kashmir

10. In Buddhist council , where the doctrines of the Mahayana form of Buddhism were finalized.

Qts 5 Explain Gandhara school of Art

1.Buddha was made in the Greeco-Roman style. 

2. The hair of the Buddha was fashioned in the Greece- Roman Style. 

3. The influence of the Gandhara art also spread to Mathura.

4.Mathura produced beautiful images of the Buddha, but it is also famous for the headless erect status of Kanishka whose name is inscribed on its lower part.

5.It also produced several stone images of Vardhamana Mahavira.

6. The Mathura School of art flourished in the early centuries of the Christian era and its products made of red sandstone are found even outside Mathura.

7. Beautiful Buddhist caves were constructed out of rocks in Maharashtra.

8.In Andhra Pradesh, Nagarjunakonda and Amaravati became great centres of Buddhist art, 

9.The stories connected with the Buddha came to be portrayed in numerous panels.

10.The earliest panels dealing with Buddhism are found at Gaya, Sanchi and Bharhu and belong to the second century B.C.