socio religious movement

 Qts 1. Write Raja Rammohan Roy and the Brahmo Samaj

1. He is considered as the first modern man of India.

2. Born in 1772 in the Hooghly district of Bengal, he inculcated a brilliant freedom of thought and rationality. He preached that there is only one God.

3. He studied the Bible , Muslim and Hindu religious texts. He had excellent command over many languages including English, Sanskrit, Persian, Arabic, French, Latin, Greek and Hebrew.

4. In 1815, he established the Atmiya Sabha. 

5.The work of the Atmiya Sabha was carried on by Maharishi Debendranath Tagore (father of Rabindranath Tagore), who renamed it as Brahmo Samaj. 

6. Maharishi Debendranath Tagore turned the Brahmo Samaj into a leading social organisation of India. Later, it was developed into the Brahmo Sabha in August 1828.

5. In 1817, he founded the Hindu College (now Presidency College, Calcutta) along with David Hare, a missionary.

6.Rammohan Roy started the first Bengali weekly Samvad Kaumudi and edited Persian weekly Mirat-ul-akhbar.

7. Rammohan died in Bristol in England in 1833.n

Qts 2. Describe The Young Bengal Movement

1. Henry Vivian Derozio was the founder of the Young Bengal Movement. 

2. His followers were known as the Derozians and their movement the Young Bengal Movement. They attacked old traditions and decadent customs. They also advocated women's rights and their education.

Qts 3. Explain Swami Dayanand Saraswati and the Arya Samaj

1.The Arya Samaj was founded by Swami Dayanand Saraswati at Bombay in 1875.

2. He believed that the Vedas were the source of true knowledge.

3.  His motto was 'Back to the Vedas'. 

4.  He started the Suddhi movement to bring back those Hindus who had converted to other religions to its fold. 

5. He wrote the book "Satyartha Prakash" which contains his ideas.

6. Swami Dayanand Saraswati  founded   Dayanand Anglo-Vedic (DAV) School in 1886 at Lahore.

Qts 4. Write Prarthana Samaj

1.The Prarthana Samaj was founded in 1867 in Bombay by Dr. Atmaram Pandurang. 

2.Justice M.G. Ranade and R.G. Bhandarkar joined it in 1870 and infused new strength to it. 

3. Justice Ranade promoted the Deccan Education Society.

4. It was a reform movement within Hinduism and concentrated on social reforms like inter-dinning, inter-marriage, widow remarriage and upliftment of women and depressed classes.

Qts 5 .Explain Swami Vivekananda and Ramakrishna Mission

1.The original name of Swami Vivekananda was Narendranath Dutta (1863-1902) and he became the most famous disciple of Shri Ramkrishna Paramahamsa.

2.He was born in a prosperous Bengali family of Calcutta and was educated in Scottish Church College. In 1886, Narendranath took the vow of Sanyasa and was given the name, Vivekananda. He preached Vedantic Philosophy.

3.Swami Vivekanand participated at the Parliament of Religions held in Chicago (USA) in September, 1893 and raised the prestige of India and Hinduism very high. He founded the Ramkrishna Mission at Belur in Howrah in 1897. It is a social service and charitable society.

Qts 6. Describe Theosophical Society

1.The Theosophical Society was founded in New York (USA) in 1875 by Madam H.P. Blavatsky (Russian lady), and Henry Steel Olcott (American colonel). 

2. They arrived in India and established Theosophical Society   at Adyar in Madras in 1882.

3.Later in 1893, Mrs. Annie Besant arrived in India and took over the leadership of the society after the death of Olcott.  

4. Annie Besant founded the Central Hindu School along with Madan Mohan Malaviya at Benaras which later developed into the Banaras Hindu University.

Qts 7. Write about Pandit Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar

1.Vidyasagar founded many schools for girls. He helped J.D. Bethune to establish the Bethune School. He founded the Metropolitan Institution in Calcutta.

2..He protested against child marriage and favoured widow remarriage which was legalised by the Widow Remarriage Act (1856).

Qts 8.Write about Jyotiba Phule

In 1873, he founded the Satyashodak Samaj to fight against the caste system. Jyotiba Phule and his wife established the first girls' school at Poona in 1851.

Qts 9  Explain Aligarh Movement

1. The Aligarh Movement was started by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan (1817-98) for the social and educational advancement of the Muslims in India. 

2.In 1875, he founded a modern school at Aligarh to promote English education among the Muslims. This had later grown into the Mohammadan Anglo Oriental College and then into the Aligarh Muslim University.

Qts10 Write The Deoband School

1. The orthodox section among the Muslim 'Ulema' organised the Deoband Movement. 

2. Deoband leader Mahmud-ul-Hasan (1851-1920) sought to impart a political and intellectual content to the religious ideas of the school. 

3. It was a  Islam revivalist movement 

Qts 11 .Explain Sikh Reform Movements

1. Baba Dayal Das founded the Nirankari Movement. 

2.  Nirankari Movement worshiped of God as Hirankar (formless). 

3. Sikhs started Singh Sabhas started in Lahore and Amritsar in 1870

4. Sikhs started  the Khalsa College at Amritsar in 1892 

5. Sikhs  encouraged Gurmukhi as Punjabi literature.

6 In 1920, Sikkhs started Akalis movement 

7 Later, the Akalis organised themselves into a political party.

Qts 12. Write about Parsi Reform Movement

1.The Parsi Religious Reform Association was founded at Bombay by Furdunji Naoroji 

2.They advocated the spread of women's education. They also wanted to reform their marriage customs.

Qts 13.Explain Saint Ramalinga

1. Saint Ramalinga was one of the foremost saints of Tamil Nadu in the nineteenth century. He was born on October 5, 1823 at  Chidambaram.

2.In 1865, he founded the Samarasa Suddha Sanmargha Sangha for the promotion of  casteless society. 

3. He composed Tiru Arutpa. 

Qts 14 Describe Sri Vaikunda Swamigal

1. Sri Vaikunda Swamigal  preached against the caste system and untouchability,  his teachings came to be known as Ayyavazhi.

2  Ayyavazhi came to be recognised as a separate religion and spread in the regions of South Travancore and South Tirunelveli.

3. Sri Vaikunda Swamigal  teaching found in  Akilattirattu Ammanai and Arul Nool.

Qts 15.Write Veda Samaj

1.Veda Samaj called Brahmo Samaj of South.

2. Veda Samaj started by Sridharalu Naidu. He translated books of Brahma Dharma into Tamil and Telegu.

Qts 16.Explain Dharma Sabha

1. Dharma Sabha started  by Dharma Sabha in 1830.

 2. Dharma Sabha promoted  western education  to girls.

Qts 17.What do you know Lokahitawadi

1. Lokahitawadi started by Gopal Hari Deshmukh.

2. Gopal Hari Deshmukh  advocated female education for the upliftment of women.

Qts 18.Discuss Radha Swami Movement

1.,  Radha Swami Movement started by Tulsi Ram 

2. Tulsi Ram  known as Shiv Dayal Saheb or Swami Maharaj.

3. Swami Maharaj preached  belief in one god and  Satsangis

Qts19. Explain Periyar E.V.

1.  In 1921, Periyar E.V. started  anti-liquor campaign  

2.In 1924,  Periyar E.V.took an active part in the Vaikom Satyagraha. 

3. Vaikom Satyagraha worked for  secure for untouchables the right to use a road near a temple at Vaikom in Kerala.

4.  Periyar E.V.  opposed the  Brahmanical culture or Manu culture 

5. In  1925,  Periyar E.V.  started the Self- Respect Movement among lower caste people