82 A2 Vedic Literature 4Mar

Qts 1. What is  Vedas

The word Veda comes from the root vidi signifying knowledge. Vedas are also known as Shruti (to hear) as they were passed from generation to generation through verbal transmission.

There are four Vedas- (i) Rig Veda, (ii) Sama Veda, (iii) Yajur Veda and (iv) Atharva Veda. The first 3 vedas are collectively known as Trayi or trio.


Qts 2. Explain  Rig Veda

The hymns of Rig Veda were recited by Hotri.

It contains 1028 hymns ) 

It was divided into 10 mandalas

II to VII are the oldest Kula Granth

I, VIII IX  and X new

The third mandala contains the Gayatri Mantra (addressed to sun)

The X mandala contains the famous Purushsukta which explains that the 4 varnas (Brahmanas, Kshatriya, Vaishya and Shudra) 

Rig veda consist below given words

1.Om 1028 times,

2. Jan 275 times, 

3.250 hymns are dedicated to Indra God

4.200 hyms are dedicated to Agni God.

5.Saraswati is the deity river in Rig Veda. 


Qts 3. Explain  Sama Veda

It is a collection of hymns used by priests during the Soma Sacrifices.

It consists of 1549 Stanzas 

The hymns of the Sama Veda were recited by Udgatri. 

This Veda is important for Indian music as it contains Dhrupada Raga,


Qts 4. Explain  Yajur Veda

Deals with the procedure for the performance of sacrifices. 

Its hymns were recited by Adhvaryus.

There are two main texts of Yajur Veda: 

1.Shukla Yajurveda (or White Yajurveda) It consist Mantras

2.Krishna Yajurveda (or Black Yajurveda). It consist Prose


Qts 5. Explain Atharva Veda

It contains charms and spells to ward off evils and diseases.

Divided into 20 Kandas (books) and has 711 hymns - mostly dealing with Maya mantra and Magic


 Qts 6. Explain Bramhanas 

Bramhanas consist meaning for vedas . It is in prose form ritualistic in nature


Qts 7. Explain Aranyakas 

The Aranyakas are  forest texts 

It was written  by the hermits and the students living in the jungles 

It deals with mysticism and philosophy 


Qts 8. Explain Upanishads

The word Upanishad means to sit down nearest  to guru to learn

Upanishads are philosophical texts

Upanishad also called as vedanta

Katha upanishad consist discussion between Nachiketha (boy ) and God Yama 

Nachiketha and God Yama  discuss about Life, Birth,Death


Qts 9. What is Shiksha

It consist  Phonetics/Pronunciation

The oldest text on phonetics is Pratishakhya.


Qts 10. What is  Kalpa Sutras

Kalpasutra consist  Rituals

 

Qts 11. What is  Shrauta Sutras/Shulva Sutras 

It deal with the sacrifices


Qts 12. What is  Grihya Sutras

It deal with family ceremonies, 


Qts 13. What is  Dharma Sutras 

It deal with Varnas and  Ashramas, etc.


Qts 14. What is Varna system

 Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishya and Shudras. 


Qts 15. What is Ashrama system

Brahmacharya (student), Gṛhastha (householder), Vanaprastha (forest walker/forest dweller), and Sannyasa (renunciate).


Qts16. What is  Vyakarana 

It consist Grammar

The oldest grammar  is Ashtadhyayi Panini.


Qts17. What is  Nirukta 

It is Etymology 

Etymology is the study of the origins of words

It consist  collection of difficult vedic word

It  is Nighantu or dictionary 


Qts 18. What is Chhanda

It is  Metrics in grammar  


Qts 19. What is  Jyotisha 

It is Astronomy  

The oldest Jyotisha text is Vedanga Jyotisha written by  Lagadh Muni.


Qts 20.What is  Smriti /Dharmashastras

Explains rules and regulations in the Vedic life.

It consist Manusmriti, Naradsmriti, Yagyavalkyasmriti and Parasharsmriti.


Qts 21. Who wrote  Mahabharata 

Ved Vyasa


Qts 22. What are other names of Mahabharata

Jay Samhita,

Chaturvinshati Sahastri Samhita/Bharata,-

Shatasahastri Samhita/Maha Bharata

 Shanti Parvan is the largest parvan (chapter) of the Mahabharata.

 Bhagavad Gita is extracted from Bhishma Parvan of Mahabharata.


Qts 23. Who wrote Ramayana 

Valmiki


Qts24. What is other name of Ramayana

 Adi Kavya (the oldest epic of the world).


Qts 25. What is Kamban Ramayana 

Tamil Ramayana


Qts26. What is  Purana

The Purana means describe genealogies of various royal dynasties.


Qts27. Which is oldest Purana

Matsya Purana 


Qts28 .What are other Puranas

 Bhagavata Purana, the Vishnu Purana, the Vayu Purana


Qts 29. What Ayurveda deals

Medicine 

taken from Rigveda

Ayurveda written by Dhanvantri


Qts 30. What Danurveda deals 

Warfare

taken from Yajur veda

Danurveda written by Vishwamitra or Bharadwaja


Qts 31. What Gandarva veda deals

Music

Gandarva veda written by vyasa 


Qts 32. What Shilpa veda deals 

Cropt or Architechture

shilpa veda Written by 




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