11 System of the human body

 SYSTEM OF THE HUMAN BODY

 DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

-In human beings, a complete digestion system performs the functions of acquiring food and breaking it down in to small molecules and absorption of the same.

-It has following stages : 1. Ingestion 2. Digestion 3. Absorption4. Assimilation and 5. Defecation.

1. Ingestion: Taking food in to the mouth is called ingestion.

2. Digestion: The process by which the non absorbable food is converted into absorbable food is called digestion

-Ptyalin and Maltase of saliva convert starch in to simple sugar and make it digestible.

-Saliva is acidic in nature (pH ---6.8)

-No digestion takes place in food pipe.

(a) Digestion stomach:

-Gastric glands present in stomach sectors alight yellow acidic liquid Known as gastric juice. The enzymes, Pepsin and renin are present in gastric juice.

-pepsin breaks down the proteins in to peptones and renin breaks down the caseinogen into casein.

HCI is secreated from oxyntic cells of the stomach helps in Killing the bacteria coming with food and accelerates the reaction of enzymes.

(b) Digestion Duodenum

-In duodenum the food and bile juice combines with each other.

-The alkaline bile juice turns the acidic medium of food in to alkaline.

-Pancreatic juice from pancreas contains 3 types of enzymes

Trypsin - Converts the protin and peptone in to polypeptides and amino acid.

Amylase - converts the starch in to soluble sugar.

Lipase - convers the emulsified fats in to glycerol and fatty acids.

(c) small intestine

   -The process of digestion is completed and absorption of digests foods stars.

  - Intestinal juice secrets from the wall of the small intestine and it contains following enzymes:

1. Ere spin - convers-protein and peptone in to amino acid

2. Maltase - converts Maltose in to glucose.

3. Surcease - converts sucrose in to glues and galactose

4. Lactase - conveys - Lactose into glucose and galactose.

5. Lipase - converts - the emulsified fats in to glycerol and fatty acids.

(d) Absorption : The process of mixing of digested food in to blood is called absorption : The  absorption of digested food takes place through small intestinalis villi.

(e) Assimilation: In this process, the absorbed, food is used in the body.

 (f) Defection : In this process, the undigested food reaches the large intestine where turns it into faces which is execrated through anus.

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