17 Respiration types
Four process of Respiration
1. External respiration
a. Breathing - in lungs air is taken in and given out at certain rate.
b. Exchange of gases - It takes place inside the lungs on the basic of concertation gradient through normal diffusion.
2. Transpiration of gases: It involves the process of reaching of gases from lungs to the cells of body and coming back again to the lungs.
1. oxygen transpiration takes place by hemoglobin present in blood.
2. CO^2 transportation takes places by hemoglobin only to the extent of 10- 20%
3. Internal Respiration: when gaseous exchange takes place between blood and tissue fluid then the process is called internal respiration.
4. cellular respiration: cellar respiration involves a set of metabolic reactions and process that take place i the cells of organisms to convert biochemical energy from nutrients join to adenosine triphohape (ATP) and then release waste products.
Two Types of Respiration
1. Anaerobic Respiration
1. When teh oxidation of food takes place in absence of oxygen, then it is called anaerobic respiration.
2. Duration this process, 2 ATO molecules ae produced from onr molecule of glucose.
3. In animal tissue like skeletal musical cell, the final product of anaerobic respiration is lactic acid.
C^6h12O^6+ Energy ) animal) Lactic acid
2. Aerobic Respiration
when the complete oxidation of glucose places takes places in the presence of oxygen, it is called aerobic respiration.
C^6H^12O^6+60^2-6CO^2O+KJenergy (38 ATP)
processes : (i) Glycolysis (cytoplasm) and (ii) Krebs's cycle(Mitochondrial)
(i) Glycolysis or EMP path
a. present both ibn aerobic and Anaerobic reparation
b. Two molecules of pyruvic axiid is formed when one molecule of glucose is decomposed.
c. 2- atoms of ATP takes part to start this process but at the end of the process 4- atoms of ATP are obtained, Therefore 2 ATYP or 16000 calorie(2x800)
energy is obtained 4- molecules of hydrogen are formed which is used in converting NAD to 2 NADH^2
d. First done by Emden-Meyerhof - pranas pathway
(ii) Krebs cycle or citric Acid cycle or Tricare boxlike cycle
a. Takes place inside the mitochondria.
b. 4 -pairs of hydrogen atom are released.
c. the complete cycle involves 2 molecules of pyruvic acid, producing total 12 molecules of CO^2
d. In our system maximum ATP atoms are formed during Krebs cycle.
Respiration (Key pionts)
a. Inhalation - It is the result of increases in the volume of the thoracic cavity.
b. exhalation - It is the result of decrease in the volume of the thoracic cavity.
c. Glottis - The opening of the pharynx into trachea.
d. Tidal volume - we winchable and exhale and exhale about 500 ml of air per breath this value is called the tidal volume.
-Residual volume - Even after a very strong exhalation, about 1000 to 1200 ml of air remains in the lungs, This is Known as residual volume.
-Voice Box or the Adamo's apple Another name of larynx, Everyday approximately 400ml water is execrated through breathing.
e. anaerobic respiration in yeast in yeast and certain bacteria products ethyl alcohol or ethanol
C^6H^12O^6 -2C^2H^5OH+2CO^2 + Energy