20 NUTRIENT

 NUTRIENT

a. Nutrients are the substances by which an organism gets or it is used for biosynthesis of its body.

b. Major nutrients of supplement of our body are 

1. Carbohydrates

2. proteins biosynthesis of its body.

3. Fat 4. Vitamins 

5 Minerals' and 

6. water.

(a)  Carbohydrate : organism compounds in which ration of carbon hydrogen and oxygen is 1:2 : 1.

carbohydrate's the bulk of that.

example : Triose, Tet rose (Monosaccharide) glycogen, cellulose(poly saccharide_ maltose sucrose (oligosaccharide)

(b)  Protein : J Berzelius used this word first time.

1. Complex organic compound made up of 20 types of amino acids.

2. Kwashiorkor and Marasmus - protein deficiency diseases.

(c) Essential Amino Acids:

1. histidine Isoleucine Leucine, Lysine Methionine 9and /or cysteeine phenylalanine ( and /or tyrosine) Threonine Tryptophan,vakline.

2. Two of the essential amino acids, lysine and tryptophan, are poorly represented in most plant proteins.

3. Alpha keratin is a non - edible protein found in hoar and wool.

(d) Fats : 1. It is an ester of glycerol and fatty acid.

2. Fat provides us most concentrated form of energy.

3. Human can synthesize fat from carbohydrates.

4. Three essential fatty acids that cannot be synthesisied and must be incorporated in the diet are : 

(i) linoleic acid

(ii) linolenic aid

(iii) arachidonic acid. All are unsaturated, that is , have double bonds.

Types of fats:

1. Saturtes : (i) No double bonds between the carbon atoms ion the fatty acid chains

(ii) Most anima fats(e.g. butter) are highly saturated.

2. Monounsaturated : (i) Have a single double bond in the fatty acid chains

(ii) Examples are peanut, olive and rapeseed (cola) oil.

3. Polyunsaturated : (i) Have two or more double bonds in their fatty acid chains.

(ii)Example: sunflowers, corn, safflower etc.

4. Trans Fats : (i) Have two or more double  bonds in their fatty acid chains 

(ii) The consumption of trans them fats increases the risk of coronary heart disease by raising levels of LDL cholesterol and lowering levels of good HDL cholesterol.

5. omega- 3 fats: (i) E.g. Hopkins

(ii) Term was coined by Funk.

(iii) Vitamins soluble in water- Vitamin B and C

(iv) vitamins soluble in fat - Vitamin A,D, E and K.

5. Minerals 

(i) Homogenous inorganic material needed by the body

(ii) water is the important component of our body

(iii) 65 - 75 % weight of the body is water.

Balanced diet : That diet, in which all the important nutrients for organisms are available in sufficient Quantity, is called balance diet.