5 Biologybasics classification plants
BOTONY
1. The branch of Biology which deals with the study of plants is called Botany
2. Theophrastus is called the father of Botany.
3. Eicher has classified the Botanical world.
Classification of Plants
Cryptogams: flowerless and speed plants belong to the group of cryptogams
Example:
Algae. Mosses and Fens.
Thallophyte : Undifferentiated plant body that no root's, stem or laves is called thallophyte:
(i) Unicellular, colonials or filamentary
(ii) chlorophyll bearing thallophyte's
(iii) Aquatic in nature and
(iv) Autotrophic mode of nutrition.
Algae : Algae are mostly aquatic, autotrophic, Chiloronial II bearing thalloid plants They range from unicellular, colonial to filamentous forms, Algae show rapid reproduction and make a huge colony in the water, which is called algal bloom.
Fungi :(i) study of fungi is a called mycology
(ii) Chlorophyll less, central carrier tissue - less thallophyte
(iii) Glycogen accumulated food of fungi
(iv) chitin (albugo) found in cell wall of fungi and
(v) Harmfulness-plant diseases-rust & smut.
Fungi diseases:
(i) Brown leaf spots on rice:
(ii) Damping off of seedlings
(iii) wart disease of potato and
(iv) Tikka disease of ground nut
Phanerogams : They are seed beeing plants.
Gymnosperms;
(i) Naked seeded plants
(ii) seeds are not enclosed in fruits:
(iii) pollination takes place through air:
(iv) sequoias gigantic- longest in fruits:
(v) the plant Kingdoms comes under gymnosperms
(iv) Zambia pyemias is the smallest plant
(vii) cycas biloda and metaseqouia are living fossils:
(viii) Maiden hair tree Ginko biloda.
Angiosperm
(i) Flowering and speed bearing plants
(ii) seeds are found inside the fruits
(iii) Root, leaves flowers fruits and seeds are fully developed
(iv) seed coat of Plants around the seed and
(v) Two types of plants on the basic or number of cotyledons.
Monocotyledon Plants - Plants having 1 cotyledon i.e garlic and onion
Dictionary plants - Plants having 2 cotyledon i.e Radish, Turnip, Mustard of cruiferace category.
VIRUS
1. Virology: study of vires is called virology.
Discovery: By Russian Scientist Ivanosky in the year 1892
3. Ultra microscopes particles in nature are Known as viruses which are connecting link between living and non- living
Charteristicks features of virus
1. Microscopic and active inside a living cells.
2. Nucleic acids replicate themselves and they reproduction rapidly
types ( according to parasitic nature)
Bacteriophages
1. Those virus which infect the bacteria, eg. TMV ( Tabaco Mosaic Virus)
Retro virus: Those viruses in which RNA substance if substance is found as genetic material.
Viral diseses in humans : Mumps chicken pox, Hepatitis Polio AIDS and Herpes.
Bacteria
Discovery : Antony Leeuwenhoek of Holland in the year 1683. Leeuwenhoek is called father of Bacteriology.
Bacteria of TB ( Tuberculosis) discovers by Robert Koch.
Vaccine of Rabies and pasteurization of milk (1812 - 1892)
Types : ( on the basic of shapes)
1 Bacillus : This rod or cylindrical
2. Round or coccus : These are the round and the smallest bacteria.
3. Comma shaped : Vibrio, choleric
4. Spirillum : spring or screw shaped.