vvvv

84. Consider the following protected areas:

1. Bandipur

2. Bhitarkanika 4. Sundarbans

3. Manas

Which of the above are declared Tiger Reserves?

(a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 1, 3 and 4 only

(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

Ans b

85. In which one among the following categories of protected areas in India are local people not allowed to collect and use the biomass?

(a) Biosphere reserves

(b) National parks

(d) Wildlife sanctuaries

Ans b

86. Which one of the following groups of animals belongs to the category of endangered species?

(a) Great Indian bustard, Musk Deer, Red Panda and Asiatic Wild Ass

(b) Kashmir Stag, Cheetah, Blue Bull, Great Indian Bustard

(d) Lion Tailed Macaque, Blue Bull, Hanuman Langur, Cheetah

Ans a

87. The Millenium Ecosystem Assessment describes the following major categories of ecosystem services- provisioning, supporting, regulating, preserving and cultural. Which one of the following is supporting service?

(a) Production of food and water

(b) Control of climate and disease

(d) Maintenance of diversity

Ans c

88. What is the difference between the antelopes Oryx and Chiru?

(a) Oryx is adapted to live in hot and arid areas whereas Chiru is adapted to live in steppes and semi-desert areas of cold high mountains

(b) Oryx is poached for its antlers whereas Chiru is poached for its musk

(d) None of the statements (a), (b) and (c) given above is correct.

Ans a

89. Which of the following can be threats to the biodiversity of a geographical area?

1. Global warming

2. Fragmentation of habitat

3. Invasion of alien species

4. Promotion of vegetarianism

Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

(a) 1, 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 4 only

(b) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

Ans a

90. Consider the following:

1. Black necked crane

2. Cheetah

3. Flying squirrel

4. Snow leopard

Which of the above are naturally found in India?

(a) 1, 2 and 3 only (c) 2 and 4 only

(b) 1,3 and 4 only (d) 1, 2, 3and * 4

Ans b

91. Vultures used to be very common in Indian countryside some years ago are rarely seen nowadays. This is attributed to

(a) the destruction of their nesting sites by new invasive species

(b) a drug used by cattle owners for treating their diseased cattle

(d) a widespread, persistant and fatal disease among them

Ans b

92. How does National Biodiversity Authority (NBA) help in protecting the Indian agriculture?

1. NBA checks the biopiracy and protects the indigenous and traditional genetic resources.

2. NBA directly monitors and supervises the scientific research on genetic modification of crop plants.

3. Applications for intellectual property rights related to genetic/ biological resources cannot be made without the approval of NBA.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 and 3 only

(d) 1,2 and 3

Ans c

93. If National Water Mission is properly and completely implemented how will it impact the country?

1. Part of the water needs of urban areas will be met through recycling of waste water.

2. The water requirements of coastal cities with inadequate alternative sources of water will be met by adopting appropriate technologies that allow for the use of ocean water.

3. All the rivers of Himalayan origin will be linked to the rivers of peninsular India.

4. The expenses incurred by farmers for digging bore wells and for installing motors and pump sets to draw groundwater will be completely reimbursed by the Government.

Select the correct answer using the codes given below

(a) 1 only

(b) 1 and 2 only

(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

Ans b

94. Consider the following statements: Chlorofluorocarbons, known as ozone depleting substances are used

1. In the production of plastic foams

2. in the production of tubeless tyres

3. In cleaning certain electronic components

4. As pressurizing agents in aerosol cans

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1,2 and 3 only

(b) 4 only

(d) 1, 2,3 and 4

Ans d

95. With reference to the wetlands of India, consider the following statements:

1. The country's total geographical area under the category of wetlands is recorded more in Gujarat

as compared to other states.

2. In India, the total geographical area of coastal wetlands is larger than that of inland wetlands.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Ans a

96. Consider the following:

1. Star tortoise

2. Monitor lizard

3. Pygmy hog

4. Spider monkey

Which of the above found in India?

(a) 1, 2 and 3 only

(b) 2 and 3 only

(d) 1, 2,3 and 4

Ans a

97. Consider the following animals:

1. Sea cow

2. Sea horse

3. Sea lion

Which of the above is/are mammal/mammals?

(a) 1 only

(b) 1 and 3 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

Ans b

98. Consider the following pairs:

1. Nokrek Biosphere Reserve: Garo Hills

2. Logtak (Loktak) Lake: Barail Range 3. Namdapha National Park: Dafla Hills

Which of the above pairs is/are correctly matched?

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 and 3 only

(d) None

Ans a

99. Which one of the following is the correct sequence of ecosystems in the order of decreasing productivity?

(a) Oceans, lakes, grasslands, mangroves

(b) Mangroves, oceans, grasslands, lakes

(d) Oceans, mangroves, lakes, grasslands

Ans c

100. Due to improper / indiscriminate disposal of old and used computers or their parts, which of the following are released into the environment as e-waste?

1. Beryllium

2. Cadmium

3. Chromium

4. Heptachlor

5. Mercury

6. Lead

7. Plutonium

Select the correct answer using the codes given below.

(a) 1, 3, 4, 6 and 7 only

(b) 1, 2, 3,5 and 6 only

(d) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7

Ans b

101. Acid rain is caused by the pollution of environment by

(a) carbon dioxide and nitrogen

(b) carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide

(d) nitrous oxide and sulphur dioxide

Ans d

102. With reference to food chains in ecosystems, consider the following statements:

1. A food chain illustrates the order in which a chain of organisms feed upon each other.

2. Food chains are found within the populations of a species.

3. A food chain illustrates the numbers of each organism which are eaten by others

Which of the statements given above is / are correct?

(a) 1 only

(b) 1 and 2 only

(d) None

Ans a

103. Consider the following organisms:

1. Agaricus

2. Nostoc

3. Spirogyra

Which of the above is / are used as biofertilizer /biofertilizers

(a) 1 and 2

(b) 2 only

(d) 3 only

Ans a

104. Which of the following adds / add nitrogen to the soil?

1. Excretion of urea by animals

2. Burning of coal by man

3. Death of vegetation

Select the correct answer using the codes given below.

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 and 3 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3 3

Ans c

105. In which of the following States is lion-tailed macaque found in its natural habitat? 2. Kerala

1. Tamil Nadu

2. Kerala

3. Karnataka

4. Andhra Pradesh

Select the correct answer using the codes given below.

(a) 1, 2 and 3 only

(b) 2 only

(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

Ans a

106. Which one of the following terms describes not only the physical space occupied by an organism but also its functional role in the community of organisms?

(a) Ecotone (c) Habitat

(b) Ecological niche (d) Home range

Ans b

107. Photochemical smog is a resultant of the reaction among

(a) NO, O, and peroxyacetyl nitrate in the presence of sunlight

(b) CO, 0 and peroxyacetyl nitrate in the presence of sunlight

(d) High concentration of N*O_{2}*O_{3} and CO in the evening

Ans a

108. With reference to the food chains in ecosystems, which of the following kinds of organism is/are

known as decomposer organism/organisms?

1. Virus

2. Fungi

3. Bacteria

Select the correct answer using the codes given below.

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 and 3 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

Ans b

109. Consider the following fauna of India :

1. Gharial

2. Leatherback turtle

3. Swamp deer

Which of the above is/are endangered?

(a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 3 only

(d) None

Ans c

110. Consider the following statements:

1. Animal Welfare Board of India is established under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.

2. National Tiger Conservation Authority is a statutory body.

3. National Ganga River Basin Authority is chaired by the Prime Minister.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 and 3 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

Ans b

111. With reference to 'Eco-Sensitive Zones', which of the following statements is/are correct?

1. Eco-Sensitive Zones are the areas that are declared under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.

2. The purpose of the declaration of Eco-Sensitive Zones is to prohibit all kinds of human activities,

in those zones except agriculture.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Ans d

114. The scientific view is that the increase in global temperature should not exceed 2 °C above pre- industrial level. If the global temperature increases beyond 3 °C above the pre-industrial level, what can be its possible impact/impacts on the world?

1. Terrestrial biosphere tends toward a net carbon source

2. Widespread coral mortality will occur.

3. All the global wetlands will permanently disappear.

4. Cultivation of cereals will not be possible anywhere in the world.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

(a) 1 only

(b) 1 and 2 only

(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

Ans b

115. If you travel through the Himalayas, you are likely to see which of the following plants naturally growing there?

1. Oak

2. Rhododendron

3. Sandalwood

Select the correct answer using the code given below

(a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 3 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

Ans a

116. Which of the following are some important pollutants released by steel industry in India?

1. Oxides of sulphur

2. Oxides of nitrogen

3. Carbon monoxide.

4. Carbon dioxide.

Select the correct answer

(a) 1, 3 and 4 only

(b) 2 and 3 only

(d) 1,2, 3 and 4

Ans d

117. With reference to Neem tree, consider the following statements:

1. Neem oil can be used as a pesticide to control the proliferation of some species of insects and mites.

2. Neem seeds are used in the manufacture of biofuels and hospital detergents.

3. Neem oil has applications in pharmaceutical industry. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 3 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

Ans c

118. Consider the following international agreements:

1. The International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture

2. The United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification

3. The World Heritage Convention Which of the above has / have a bearing on the biodiversity?

(a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 3 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

Ans d

119. Consider the following statements regarding 'Earth Hour':

1. It is an initiative of UNEP and UNESCO.

2. It is a movement in which the participants switch off the lights for one hour on a certain day every

year.

3. It is a movement to raise the awareness about the climate change and the need to save the planet.

Which of the statements given above is / are correct?

(a) 1 and 3 only

(b) 2 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

Ans c

120. Which one of the following is the correct sequence of a food chain?

(a) Diatoms-Crustaceans-Herrings

b) Crustaceans-Diatoms-Herrings

(d) Crustaceans-Herrings-Diatoms

Ans a

121. If a wetland of international importance is brought under the 'Montreux Record', what does it imply?

(a) Changes in ecological character have occurred, are occurring or are likely to occur in the wetland as a result of human interference.

(b) The country in which the wetland is located should enact a law to prohibit any human activity within five kilo metres from the edge of the wetland

(c) The survival of the wetland depends on the cultural practices and traditions of certain communities living in its vicinity and therefore the cultural diversity therein should not be destroyed

(d) It is given the status of 'World Heritage Site'

Ans a

122. With reference to 'Global Environment Facility', which of the following statements is/are correct?

(a) It serves as financial mechanism for 'Convention on Biological Diversity' and 'United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change'

(b) It undertakes scientific research on environmental issues at global level

(c) It is an agency under OECD to facilitate the transfer of technology and funds to underdeveloped countries with specific aim to protect their environment.

(d) Both (a) and (b)

Ans a

123. Consider the following pairs

1. Dampa Tiger Reserve: Mizoram

2. Gumti Wildlife Sanctuary: Sikkim

3. Saramati Peak: Nagaland

Which of the above pairs is/are correctly matched?

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 and 3 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

Ans c

124. With reference to a conservation organization called Wetlands International', which of the following statements is/are correct?

1. It is an intergovernmental organization formed by the countries which are signatories to Ramsar

Convention.

2. It works at the field level to develop and mobilize

knowledge, and use the practical experience to advocate for better policies.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Ans b

125. Other than poaching, what are the possible reasons for the decline in the population of Ganges River Dolphins?

1. Construction of dams and barrages on rivers

2. Increase in the population of crocodiles in rivers

3. Getting trapped in fishing nets accidentally

4. Use of synthetic fertilizers and other agricultural chemicals in crop-fields in the vicinity of rivers

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

(a) 1 and 2 only

(b ) 2and * 3 only

(d) 1, 2, 3and * 4

Ans c

126. Brominated flame retardants are used in many household products like mattresses and upholstery. Why is there some concern about their use?

1. They are highly resistant to degradation in the environment.

2. They are able to accumulate in humans and animals.

Select the correct answer using the code given below :

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Ans c

127. Which of the following adds/add carbon dioxide to the carbon cycle on the planet Earth?

1. Volcanic action

2. Respiration

3. Photosynthesis

4. Decay of organic matter

Select the correct answer using the code given below,

(a) 1 and 3 only

(b) 2 only

(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

Ans c

128. If you walk through countryside, you are likely to see some birds stalking alongside the cattle to seize the insects, disturbed by their movement through grasses.

Which of the following is/are such bird/birds?

1. Painted Stork

2. Common Myna

3. Black-necked Crane

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

(a) 1 and 2

(b) 2 only

(d) 3 only

Ans b

129. Which one of the following National Parks has a climate that varies from tropical to subtropical, temperate and arctic?

(a) Khangchendzonga National park

(b) Nandadevi National Park

(d) Namdapha National park

Ans d

130. 'Bio Carbon Fund Initiative for Sustainable Forest Landscapes' is managed by the

(a) Asian Development Bank

(b) International Monetary Fund

(d) World Bank

Ans d

131. With reference to Forest Carbon Partnership Facility, which of the following statements is/are correct?

1. It is global partnership of governments, businesses, civil society and indigenous peoples

2. It provides financial aid to universities, individual scientists and institutions involved in scientific forestry research to develop eco-friendly and climate adaptation technologies for sustainable forest management

3. It assists the countries in their 'REDD+ (Reducing Emission from Deforestation and Forest Degradation+)' efforts by providing them with financial and technical assistance.

Select the correct answer using the code given below

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 and 3 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

Ans c

132. With reference to an organization known as 'Birdlife International' which of the following statements is/ are correct?

1. It is a Global Partnership of Conservation 12 Organizations.

2. The concept of 'biodiversity hotspots' originated from this organization.

3. It identifies the sites known/referred to as 'Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas'.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 and 3 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

Ans c

133. Which one of the following is the best description of the term "ecosystem"?

(a) A community of organisms interacting with one another

(b) That part of the Earth which is inhabited by living organisms

(d) The flora and fauna of a geographical area.

Ans c

134. Which of the following National Parks is unique in being a swamp with floating vegetation that supports a rich biodiversity?

(a) Bhitarkanika National Park

(b) KeibulLamjao National Park

(d) Sultanpur National park

Ans b

135. With reference to the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) and the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), which of the following statements is/are correct?

1. IUCN is an organ of the United Nations and CITES is an international agreement between governments

2. IUCN runs thousands of field projects around the world to better manage natural environments.

3. CITES is legally binding on the States that have joined it, but this Convention does not take the place of national laws.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 and 3 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

Ans b

136. With reference to 'dugong', a mammal found in India,

which of the following statements is/are correct?

1. It is a herbivorous marine animal.

2. It is found along the entire coast of India

3. It is given legal protection under Schedule 1 of the Wildlife (Protection) Act.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

(a) 1 and 2

(b) 2 only

(d) 3 only

Ans c

137. What is Rio+20 Conference, often mentioned in the news?

(a) It is the United nations Conference on Sustainable Development

(b) It is a Ministerial Meeting of the World Trade Organization

(d) It is a Conference of the Member Countries of the Convention on Biological Diversity

Ans a

138. Which one of the following is associated with the issue of control and phasing out of the use of ozone- depleting substances?

(a) Bretton Woods Conference

(b) Montreal Protocol

(d) Nagoya Protocol

Ans b

139. Which of the following statements regarding 'Green Climate Fund' is/are correct?

1. It is intended to assist the developing countries in adaptation and mitigation practices to counter climate change

2 It is founded under the aegis of UNEP, OECD, Asian Development Bank and World Bank. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Ans a

140. The term Intended Nationally Determined Contribution is sometimes seen in the news in the context of:

(a) Pledge made by the European countries to rehabilitate refugees from the war-affected Middle East.

(b) Plan of nation outlined by the countries of the world to combat climate changes.

(d) Plan of action outlined by the countries of the regarding Sustainable Developments Goals.

Ans b

141. What is/are the importance/importances of the 'United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification?

1. It aims to promote effective action through innovative national programmes and supportive inter-national partnerships.

2. It has a special/particular focus on South Asia and North Africa regions, and its secretariat facilitates the allocation of major portion of financial resources to these regions.

3. It is committed to bottom-up approach, encouraging the participation of local people in combating the desertification. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 and 3 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

Ans c

142. In which of the following regions of India are you most likely to come across the 'Great Indian Hornbill' in its natural habitat?

(a) Sand deserts of northwest India

(b) Higher Himalayas of Jammu and Kashmir

(d) Western Ghats

Ans d

143. Which of the following are the key features of 'National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA)'?

1. River basin is the unit of planning and management.

2. It spearheads the river conservation efforts at the national level.

3. One of the Chief Ministers of the State through which the Ganga flows becomes the Chairman of NGRBA on rotation basis.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

(a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 2 and 3 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

Ans a

144. Consider the following pairs: Terms sometimes seen in the news Their origin

1. Annex-1 Countries: Cartagena Protocol

2. Certified Emissions Reductions: Nagoya Protocol

3. Clean Development Mechanism: Kyoto Protocol

Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

(a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 2 and 3 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

Ans c

147. With reference to an initiative called 'The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB)', which of the following statements is/are correct?

1. It is initiative hosted by UNEP, IMF and World Economic Forum.

2. It is a global initiative that focuses on drawing attention to the economic benefits of biodiversity.

3. It presents an approach that can help decision-makers recognize, demonstrate and capture the value of ecosystems and biodiversity.

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

(a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 3 Only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

Ans

Ans c

151. What is 'Greenhouse Gas Protocol?

(a) It is an international accounting tool for government and business leaders to understand, quantify and manage greenhouse gas emissions

(b) It is an initiative of the United Nations to offer financial incentives to developing countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to adopt eco-friendly technologies

(c) It is an inter-governments agreement ratified by all the member countries of the United Nations to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to specified levels by the year 2022.

(d) It is one of the multilateral REDD initiatives hosted by the World Bank.

Ans a

153. 'Gadgil Committee Report' and 'Kasturirangan Committee Report', sometimes seen in the news, are related to

(a) Constitutional reforms

(b) Ganga Action Plan

(d) Protection of Western Ghats

Ans d

154. With reference to the Agreement at the UNFCCC Meeting in Paris in 2015, which of the following statements is/are correct?

1. The Agreement was signed by all the member countries of the UN and it will go into effect in 2017.

2. The Agreement aims to limit the greenhouse gas emissions so that the rise in average global temperature by the end of this century does not exceed 2°C or even 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels.

Biodiversity

3. Developed countries acknowledged their historical responsibility in global warming and committed to donate US $ 100 billion a year from 2020 to help developing countries to cope with climate change. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

(a) 1 and 3 only

(b) 2 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

Ans b

155. Consider the following statements:

1. The Sustainable Development Goals were first proposed in 1972 by a global think tank called the 'Club of Rome'.

2. The Sustainable Development Goals have to be achieved by 2030 Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Ans b

156. According to the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, which of the following animals cannot be hunted by any person except under some provisions provided by law?

1. Gharial

2. Indian wild ass

3. Wild buffalo

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 and 3 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

Ans d

157. If you want to see gharials in their natural habitat, which one of the following is the best place to visit?

(a) Bhitarkanika Mangroves

(b) Chambal River

(d) Deepor Beel

Ans

Ans b

158. Consider the following statements:

1. Climate and Clean Air Coalition (CCAC) to Reduce Short Lived Climate Pollutants is a unique initiative of G20 group of countries.

2. The CCAC focuses on methane, black carbon and hydrofluorocarbons. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Ans b

159. From the ecological point of view, which one of the following assumes importance in being a good link between the Eastern Ghats and the Western Ghats?

(a) Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve

(b) Nallamala Forest

(d) Seshachalam Biosphere Reserve

Ans a

160. In the context of solving pollution problems, what is/are the advantage/advantages of bioremediation technique?

1. It is a technique for cleaning up pollution by enhancing the same biodegradation process that occurs in nature.

2. Any contaminant with heavy metals such as cadmium and lead can be readily and completely treated by bioremediation using microorganisms.

3. Genetic engineering can be used to create microorganisms specifically designed for bioremediation.

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 and 3 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

Ans d

161. Due to some reasons, if there is a huge fall in the population of species of butterflies, what could be its likely consequence/consequences?

1. Pollination of some plants could be adversely affected.

2. There could be a drastic increase in the fungal infections of some cultivated plants.

3. It could lead to a fall in the population of some species of wasps, spiders and birds. Select the correct answer using the code given below:

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 and 3 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

Ans c

162. In the context of mitigating the impending global warming due to anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide, which of the following can be the potential sites for carbon sequestration?

1. Abandoned and uneconomic coal seams

2. Depleted oil and gas reservoirs

3. Subterranean deep saline formations

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

(a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 3 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

Ans d

163. In India, if a species of tortoise is declared protected under Schedule 1 of the Wildlife (Protection) Act,1972, what does it imply?

(a) It enjoys the same level of protection as the tiger.

(b) It no longer exists in the wild, a few individuals are under captive protection; and now it is impossible to prevent its extinction.

(d) Both (b) and (c) stated above are correct in this context.

Ans a

164. Recently there was a proposal to translocate some of the lions from their natural habitat in Gujarat to which one of the following sites?

(a) Corbett National Park

(b) Kuno Palpur Wildlife Sanctuary

(d) Sariska National Park

Ans b

165. How is the National Green Tribunal (NGT) differ- ent from the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB)?

1. The NGT has been established by an Act whereas the CPCB has been created by an executive order of the Government.

2. The NGT provides environmental justice and helps reduce the burden of litigation in the higher courts whereas the CPCB promotes cleanliness of streams and wells, and aims to improve the quality of air in the country.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Ans b

166. The term "sixth mass extinction/sixth extinction" is often mentioned in the news in the context of the discussion of

(a) Widespread monoculture practices in agricul- ture and large-scale commercial farming with indiscriminate use of chemicals in many parts of the world that may result in the loss of good native ecosystems.

(b) Fears of a possible collision of a meteorite with the Earth in the near future in the manner it happened 65 million years ago that caused the mass extinction of many species including those of dinosaurs.

(c) Large scale cultivation of genetically modified crops in many parts of the world and promoting their cultivation in other parts of the world which may cause the disappearance of good native crop plants and the loss of food biodiversity.

(d) Mankind's over-exploitation/misuse of natural resources, fragmentation/loss of natural habi- tats, destruction of ecosystems, pollution and glo- bal climate change.

Ans d

167. Which of the following statements best describes "carbon fertilization"?

(a) Increased plant growth due to increased concen- tration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

(b) Increased temperature of Earth due to increased concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere (c) Increased acidity of oceans as a result of increased concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

(d) Adaptation of all living beings on Earth to the climate change brought about by the increased concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

Ans a

168. The Partnership for Action on Green Economy (PAGE), a UN mechanism to assist countries transition towards greener and more inclusive economies, emerged at

(a) The Earth Summit on Sustainable Develop- ment 2002, Johannesburg

(b) The United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development 2012, Rio de Janeiro

(d) The World Sustainable Development Summit 2016, New Delhi

Ans b

169. Why is a plant called Prosopis juliflora often men- tioned in news?

(a) Its extract is widely used in cosmetics.

(b) It tends to reduce the biodiversity in the area in which it grows.

(d) None of the above

Ans b

170. "Momentum for Change: Climate Neutral Now" is an initiative launched by

(a) The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

(b) The UNEP Secretariat

(d) The World Meteorological Organization

Ans c

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