2 Biologybasics Genes

    


GENES

A gene is a segment of DNA that erodes function. About 95 % of the DNA congaing many genes.

A chrosome consists of long strand of DNA containing many genes.

A human chromosome can have up to 500 million pairs of DNA with thousands of genes.

Gregory Mendel is known as father of genetics


DNA - Deoxy Rib Nucleic Acid

DNA is a molecule the contains the instructions and organism needs to develops, live and reproduce.

These instructions are found inside every cell and passed down from parent to their children.

DNA is double - helix structure made up of nucleotides which has three components 

1. Nitrogen Base

2. Sugar and 

3. Phosphate Group.


RNA-Rib Nucleic Group

1. RNA is single stranded nucleic made ip to phosphate, ribose sugar and nitrogen base uracil, adenine, guanine and cytosine. It is found in nuclease as

well as cytoplasm

The main job is to transfer the genetic It is found in nucleus as well as cytoplasm.

The main job of RNA is to transforms the genetic abode needed for the region of proteins the nucleus t the ribosomes.

This Keeps the DNA and genetic code protected from damage.



DNA Genes and Chromosome

DNA : (a) DNA molecules are large and complex.

(b) They carry the genetic code that determines the Charteris tics of a living organism.

(c) Except for identical twins each persons DNA is unique.

This is why people can be identified using DNA finger prints.

 DNA can be cut up and separated forming a sort of bar code that is different from one person to the next.



Gene : It is a section of DNA that codes for a specific protein.

It is the unit of heredity and many be copied and passed on to the next generation.


Chromosome : The cell's nucleus contains chromosomes. these are long threads of DNA each made up of many genes.

It shows the relationship between the cell, nucleus, chromosomes in the he nucleus and genes.

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