2. THE DELHI SULATANATH PERIOD

 2. THE DELHI SULATANATH PERIOD (1206 - 1526 AD)A

-The sultanate of Delhi had 5 ruling dynasties 

1. The Licari/save dynasty(1206 - 1290AD)

2. The khalif dynasty (1290- 1320Ad)

3. The Tughlaq dynasty (1320-1414 AD) 

4. The Sayyad dynasty (1414-1451 AD0 and 

5. The Lodhi dynasty 91451 - 1526 AD)


THE LIBASRI/SLAVE DYNASTY (1206 - 1290 ad)

qutubuddin Aback (1206 - 1210 AD) 

-Mohammad Glory left his Indian possessions in his hands. He ruled on the death of his master and founded the slave dynasty.

-Lahore and later Delhi were his capitals

-Famous for his generosity He was given the title of Lakh Baksh (Giver of Lakhs)

- Built the first mosque in India - quwatjhonepara ( at Ajmer)

- He also began the construction of Qutab miner, in the honor of famous Sufi saint 

Khawaja qutubuddin Bathyal Kaki.

-He died at Latour in 1210 while playing Chauhan (polo) The turns introduced polo in India.

-He was grate patron of leering and patronized writers like Hans -un- nizams author of Taj-ul -Maser and Fakhruddin, author of Tarikh - i Mubarak Shia


Shamsuddin Iltutmish ( 1211- 1236 AD)

-  Iltutmish was the real founder of Delhi sultanate, He made Delhi the capital place of Lahore. He was a slave o qutubuddin

Ariba and occupied the throne of Delhi in 1211 after deposing  arm shah (son of qutubuddin Ariba)

- He saved Delhi's sultanate from the wrath of cherish Ken (the Mangal leader) by refusing shelter to Khwarazm shah. whom chengyu was chasing.

- He got his authority (sultan of Delhi) recognized of Islamic states.

- He formed Turkan -i- chahalgani or challis (a group of 40 powerful ) Turkish nobles).

-He divided his empire in to  IQTAS the system of assigning of land in land of salary which he distributed to his officers introduced reforms in civil administration and army.

- He introduced the silver Tanka and the copper vital. two basic coins of the sultanate.

-He patron shed Minhaj -us -Siraj author of Tabaqat -i- Nazari He is called the father of Tomb Building (built sultan Garhi)

-He declared Razia as his succession.


Razia sultan 91236 -0 1240 AD

- She was the first and the last Muslim woman ruler of medieval India.

-Though Iltutmish had nominated his daughter Razia sultana as the successor the nobles placed ruknuddin Firoz on the throne However Razia got rid of Ruknuddin and ascended the throne was defeated by Razia

-Razia was popular among the people but she was not acceptable to the nobles and theologies she further offended the nobles by liking an abyssianism slave -Yakut she further offended the nobles by liking an Abyssinian with her face unveiled.

-Razia successfully crushed the rebellion's Jhansi, She also sent expedition against Ranthmbhor to control the Rajputas. There was serious rebellionin Bhatinda Altunia (Governor of Bhatinda) refused to accept suzweraimy of raise she accompanied by Yakut marched against Altunia. Altunia got Yakut murderer and imprisoner Altunia and both of them marched towards Delhi.

- In 1240 AD, Razia became the victims of a conspired ad was assassinated near kaithal (Haryana)


Ghiyasuddin balban(1265 - 1286AD)

- Ghiyasuddin Balban who was also Known laugh Khan, served as naib or regent to sultan Nasiruddin Mahmud.

-Balban ascended the throne in 1265 after killing all members of Iltutmish's family He was member of the prestige of the crown.

-He declared the sultan as the repetitive of god on earth. He imposed upon the people that king was the deputy of god (Niyabat - i - Khudai) and the instructed tot e ulemas to confine engage in political activities.

-He introduced sijdah or paibans practice.in which the people were required to kneel and touch the ground with their head to greet the sultan.

-In order to win the confidence of the public, He administered justice with extranet impartiality, He employed an efferent spy system He ordered the separation of military department  (diwani-wizarart)and the former was placed under a ministry for military affairs (diwan -i- airs)

-He was a Liberia patron of Persian literature and showed special favors to the poet Amir kahusru He was deeply racist and excluded non- turns from the administration.


 

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