Environment 2025 Exam 170
1. Which one of the following plants is effective in reducing water pollution and is also useful for producing biogas?
(a) Eucalyptus
(b) Water hyacinth
(c) Salvinia
(d) Lotus
Ans c
2. Consider the following statements regarding 'biomedication'. It involves the use of bacteria and fungi to
1. Clean up aquifers.
2. Clean up toxic dumps
3. Clean up oil spills
4. Cure bacterial and fungal disease
Of these statements:
(a) 1 and 2 are correct
(b) 1 and 3 are correct
(c) 1, 2 and 3 are correct
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 are correct
Ans c
3. Which of the following parks/ sanctuaries is/are correctly matched with their location:
1. Gharana - Assam
2. Gir-Rajasthan
3. Manas-Assam
4. Corbett-M.P.
5. Periyar Kerala
6. Dudwa-U.P.
Codes:
(a) 1 only
(b) All of the above
(c) 5 and 4 only
(d) 3 and 5 only
Ans d
4. Match the columns:
A. Kaziranga National Park: 1. Gujarat
B. Gir National Park: 2. Madhya Pradesh
C. Bandipur National Park: 3. Assam
D. Kanha National Park: 4. Karnataka
Select the correct answer from the codes given below:
(a) 1342
(b) 3142
(c) 4213
(d) 4231
Ans b
5. Why DDT is banned in western countries?
(a) It remains in environment for a long time
(b) The insects are immunised
(c) It is a highly poisonous insecticide
(d) None of the above
Ans c
6. Of the various wildlife and forest observation schemes undertaken with world aid funds in India, which one has been the most successful project?
(a) Project Tiger
(b) Mangroves arid wetland development
(c) Development of national parks
(d) protection/conservation of forests in Terai region
Ans a
7. Within biological communities, some species are important in determining the ability of a large number of other species to persist in the community. Such species are called
(a) Keystone species
(b) Allopatric species
(c) Sympatric species
(d) Threatened species
Ans a
8. Which one of the following chemicals is responsible for the depletion of ozone layer in the atmosphere?
(a) Chlorofluorocarbons
(b) Nitrous oxide
(c) Sulphur dioxide
(d) Carbon dioxide
Ans a
9. What proportion of geographical land area is under actual forest cover in India?
(a) One-fifth
(b) One-fourth
(c) One-third
(d) Two-fifths
Ans a
10. Which of the following strongly threatens biodiversity?
(a) Fragile ecosystems such as mangroves and wetlands
(b) Inaccessible habitats in Himalayas
(c) Destruction of natural habitats and vegetation and shifting cultivation
(d) Creation of biosphere reserves
Ans c
11. Acid precipitation is now regarded as a serious problem in some European and Asian countries. Its major cause or source is
(a) discharge of acidic effluents onto neutral or slightly alkaline land where the acidic components precipitate
(b) emissions of sulphur oxides and nitrogen oxides from thermal power plants and burning of fossil fuels; these oxides dissolve in atmospheric water vapour and fall back on earth as acid rain
(c) natural carbon dioxide released during respiration of living organisms dissolves in water, forming carbonic acid which is the chief contributor to acidity in rain water
(d) chloro-fluoro-carbons readily react with various chemicals near the earth's surface, producing acidic intermediates which cause acid precipitation.
Ans b
12. Which one of the following does provide the best estimate of world's biological diversity?
(a) Of about ten million species probably alive today, some 20 species are lost everyday, most of them unknown because no more than half a million have yet not been actually identified by scientists.
(b) Of about thirty million living species, some 50 are lost everyday, most of them unknown because no more than one million have been actually identified.
(c) Of about forty five million living species, some 100 are lost every day, most of them unknown because no more than 1.5 million have been actually identified.
(d) Of about seventy five million living species, some 500 are lost every day, most of them unknown because no more than 3 million have been actually identified.
Ans d
13. The greatest diversity of animal and plant species occurs in
(a) temperate deciduous forests
(b) tropical moist forests
(c) heavily polluted rivers
(d) deserts and savannas
Ans b
14. If water pollution continues at its present rate, it will eventually
(a) stop water cycle
(b) prevent precipitation
(c) make oxygen molecules unavailable to water plants
(d) make nitrate unavailable to water plants
Ans c
15. In recent years, there has been some concern over the threat posed by the Mathura Oil Refinery and the thermal power plants to the TajMahal in Agra. The scientific basis of any possible damage to the Taj is mainly
(a) stratospheric ozone and the chlorofluorocarbons which destroy it
(b) acid precipitation and tropospheric ozone
(c) increasing levels of atmospheric C*O_{2} which produce the greenhouse effect
(d) ultraviolet radiation (240-260 nanometers wavelength) and the fumes from the heavily polluted Yamuna river.
Ans b
16. Which one of the following regions of India is now regarded as an 'ecological hot spot'?
(a) Western Himalayas
(b) Eastern Himalayas
(c) Western ghats
(d) Eastern ghats
Ans c
17. Consider the following programmes:
1. Afforestation and development of wastelands.
2. Reforestation and replantation in existing forests.
3. Encouraging the wood substitutes and supplying other types of fuel.
4. Promotion of wide use of insecticides and pesticides to restrict the loss of forest area from degradation caused by pests and insects.
The National Forest Policy of 1988 includes
(a) 1, 2, 3 and 4
(b) 2 and 4
(c) 1,3 and 4
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Ans d
18. Consider the following statements:
Most international agencies which fund development programmes in India on intergovernmental bilateral agreements, mainly provide
1. Technical assistance.
2. Soft loans which are required to be paid back with interest.
3. Grants, not required to be paid back.
4. Food assistance to alleviate poverty.
Of these statement
(a) 2 and 4 are correct
(b) 1, 2 and 3 are correct
(c) 1, 2 and 4 are correct
(d) 3 and 4 are correct
Ans b
19. A tree species in Mauritius failed to reproduce because of the extinction of a fruit-eating bird. Which one of the following was that bird
(a) Dove
(b) Dodo
(c) Condor
(d) Skua
Ans b
20. The minimum land area recommended for forest cover to maintain proper ecological balance in India is
(a) 25%
(b) 33%
(c) 43%
(d) 53%
Ans b
21. "India has the largest population of the Asian X. Today, there are just about 20,000 to 25,000 X in their natural habitat spreading across the evergreen forests, dry thorn forests, swamps and grasslands. Their prime habitats are, however, the moist deciduous forests. The X population in India ranges from North-West India where they are found in the forest divisions of Dehradun, Bijnor and Nainital districts of UP to the Western Ghats in the states of Karnataka and Kerala and in Tamil Nadu.
In Central India, their population is distributed in southern Bihar and Odisha. In the East, they are seen in North-Bengal, Assam and a few other states." The animal x' referred to in this quotation is
(a) Lion
(b) Elephant
(c) Tiger
(d) One-horned rhinoceros
Ans b
22. The first marine sanctuary in India, having within its bounds coral reefs, mollusca, dolphins, tortoises and various kinds of sea birds, has been established in
(a) Sundarbans
(b) Gahirmatha marine sanctuary
(c) Gulf of Kachch
(d) Lakshadweep
Ans b
23. Which one of the following legislations does not deal with the protection of environment?
(a) The Water (Cess) Act, 1977
(b) The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980
(c) The Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991
(d) The Port Laws Amendment Act, 1997
Ans c
24. Within biological communities, some species are important in determining the ability of a large number of other species to persist in the community.Such species are called
(a) Keystone species
(b) Allopatric species
(c) Sympatric species
(d) Threatened species
Ans a
25. Consider the following statements regarding environment issues of India:
I. Gulf of Mannar is one of the biosphere reserves.
II. The Ganga Action Plan, phase II has been merged with the National River Conservation Plan.
III. The National Museum of Natural History at New Delhi imparts Non-Formal education in environment and conservation.
IV. Environmental Information System (ENVIS) acts as a decentralised information network for environmental information.
Which of these statements are correct?
(a) I, II and IV
(b) I, II, III and IV
(c) II and III
(d) I, III and IV
Ans b
26. A class of animals known as Marsupials is a characteristic feature of
(a) Africa
(b) Australia
(c) South America
(d) South-East Asia
Ans b
27. Consider the following statements:
1. Kyoto Protocol came into force in the year 2005
2. Kyoto Protocol deals primarily with the depletion of the Ozone layer.
3. Methane as a greenhouse gas is more harmful than carbon dioxide
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 and 2
(b) 1 and 3
(c) 1 Only
(d) 3 Only
Ans c
28. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists:
List I (National Park/Wild-life Sanctuary)
(a) Bondia Wildlife Sanctuary
(b) Kangerghat National Park
(c) Orang Sanctuary
(d) Ushakothi Wildlife Sanctuary
List II (State)
1. Orissa
3. Chhattisgarh
2. Assam
5. Tripura
4. Goa
(a) 2153
(b) 4321
(c) 2351
(d) 4123
Ans b
29. Which one of the following is not a Biosphere Reserve?
(a) Agasthyamalai
(b) Nallamala
(c) Nilgiri
(d) Panchmarhi
Ans b
30. Consider the following statements:
1. Silent Valley National Park is in the Nallamala range.
2. Pathrakkadavu Hydroelectric Project is proposed to be built near the Silent Valley National Park.
3. The Kunthi river originates in Silent Valley's rainforests.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 and 3
(c) 2 and 3
(b) 2 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Ans c
31. Which one of the following statements is correct?
(A) The First Meeting of the Parties (MOP 1) to the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety was held in Philippines in the year 2004.
(B) India is not a signatory to the Biosafety Protocol/ Convention on Biological Diversity.
(C) The Biosafety Protocol deals with genetically modified organisms.
(D) The United States of America is member of the Biosafety Protocol/ Convention on Biological Diversity.
(a) Only A
(c) Only C
(b) Only A and B
(d) All of the above
Ans c
32. Which one of the following countries is the first country in the world to propose a carbon tax for its people to the address global warming?
(a) Australia
(b) Germany
(c) Japan
(d) New Zealand
Ans d
33. Where is Bundala Biosphere Reserve which has been recently added to the UNESCO's Man and Biosphere (MAB) network, located?
(a) Russia
(b) India
(c) Sri Lanka
(d) Bangladesh
Ans c
34. Consider the following statements:
1. In India, Red Panda is naturally found in the Western Himalayas only.
2. In India, Slow Loris lives in the dense forests of the North East.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
Ans b
35. Which one of the following is located is in the Bastar region?
(a) Bandhavgarh National Park
(b) Dandeli Sanctuary
(c) Rajaji National Park
(d) Indravati National Park
Ans d
36. Which one of the following is also known as Top Slip?
(a) Simlipal National Park
(b) Periyar Wilddlife Sanctuary
(c) Manjira Wildlife Sanctuary
(d) Indira Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park
Ans d
37. Which one among the following has the maximum number of National Parks?
(a) Andaman and Nicobar Islands
(b) Arunachal Pradesh
(c) Assam
(d) Meghalaya
Ans a
38. Among the following, which one is not an ape?
(a) Gibbon
(b) Gorilla
(c) Langur
(d) Orangutan
Ans c
39. Where was the World Summit on Sustainable Devlopment (Rio+10) held?
(a) Davos
(c) Johannesburg
(b) Nova Scotia
(d) Shanghai
Ans c
40. Consider the following statements:
1. Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) in respect of carbon credits in one of the Kyoto Protocol Mechanisms.
2. Under the CDM, the projects handled pertain only to the Annex-I countries.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 Only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(b) 2 Only
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
Ans c
41. Out of all the Biosphere Reserves in India. Four have recognized on the World Network by UNESCO. Which one of the following is not one of them?
(a) Gulf of Mannar
(c) Nanda Devi
(b) Kanggchenjunga
(d) Sundarbans
Ans b
42. Consider the following statements:
1. Salt-water crocodile is found in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
2. Shrew and papir are found in the Western Ghats of the Malabar region.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(b) 2 only
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
Ans a
43. Which one of the following is not essentially a species of the Himalayan vegetation?
(a) Juniper
(c) Silver fir
(b) Mahogany
(d) Spruce
Ans b
44. Consider the following:
1. Rice fields
2. Coal mining
3. Domestic animals
4. Wetlands
Which of the above are sources of methane, a major greenhouse gas?
(a) 1 and 4 only
(c) 1,2 and 3 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1,2,3 and 4
Ans d
45. In India, which one of the following States has the largest inland saline wetland?
(a) Gujarat
(b) Haryana
(c) Madhya Pradesh
(d) Rajasthan
Ans d
46. Which one of the following Union Ministries implements the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety?
(a) Ministry of Science and Technology
(b) Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
(c) Ministry of Environment and Forests
(d) Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers
Ans c
47. Given below are the names of four energy crops. Which one of them can be cultivated for ethanol?
(a) Jatropha
(b) Maize
(d) Sunflower
(c) Pongamia
Ans b
48. Which one of the following is not a site for in-situ method of conservation of flora ?
(a) Biosphere reserve
(b) Botanical garden
(c) National park
(d) Wildlife sanctuary.
Ans b
49. Two important rivers- one with its source in Jharkhand (and known by a different name in Odisha), and another, with its source in Odisha-merge at a place only a short distance from the coast of Bay of Bengal before flowing into the sea. This is an important site of wildlife and biodiversity and a protected area.
Which one of the following could be this?
(a) Bhitarkanika
(b) Chandipur on sea
(c) Gopalpur-on-sea
(d) Simlipal
Ans a
50. Consider the following:
1. Carbon dioxide
2. Oxides of nitrogen
3. Oxides of Sulphur
Which of the above is/are the emission/emissions from coal combustion at thermal power plants?
(a) 1 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Ans b
51. The formation of ozone hole in the Antarctic region has been a cause of concern. What could be the reason for the formation of this hole?
(a) Presence of prominent tropo-spheric turbulence; and inflow of chlorofluorocarbons.
(b) Presence of prominent polar front and stratospheric clouds; and inflow of chlorofluorocarbons.
(c) Absence of polar front and stratospheric clouds; and inflow of methane and chlorofluorocarbons.
(d) Increased temperature at polar region due to global warming.
Ans b
52. Consider the following:
1. Photosynthesis
2. Respiration
4. Volcanic action.
3. Decay of organic matter
Which of the above add carbon dioxide to the carbon cycle on earth?
(a) 1 and 4 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 2, 3 and 4 only
(d) 1,2,3 and 4
Ans c
53. A sandy and saline area is the natural habitat of Indian animal species. The animal has no predators in that area but its existence is threatened due to the destruction of its habitat. Which one of the following could be that animal?
(a) Indian wild buffalo
(b) Indian wild ass
(c) Indian wild boar
(d) Indian gazelle
Ans b
54. The 2004 Tsunami made people realize that mangroves can serve as a reliable safety hedge against coastal calamities. How do mangroves function as a safety hedge?
(a) The mangrove swamps separate the human settlements from the sea by a wide zone in which people neither live nor venture out.
(b) The mangroves provide both food and medicines which people are in need of after any natural disaster.
(c) The mangrove trees are tall with dense canopies and serve as an excellent shelter during a cyclone or Tsunami.
(d) The mangrove trees do not get uprooted by storms and tides because of their extensive roots.
Ans d
55. The "Red Books" published by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) contain lists of ?
1. Endemic plant and animal species present in the biodiversity hotspots.
2. Threatened plant and animal species.
3. Protected sites for conservation of nature and natural resources in various countries.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
(a) 1 and 3
(b) 2 only
(c) 2 and 3
(d) 3 only
Ans b
56. Three of the following criteria have contributed to the recognition of Western Ghats, Sri Lanka and Indo-Burma regions as hotspots of biodiversity:
1. Species richness
2. Vegetation density
3. Endemism
4. Ethno-botanical importance
5. Threat perception
6. Adaption of flora and fauna to warm and humid conditions
Which three of the above are correct criteria in this context?
(a) 1,2, and 6.
(c) 1,3 and 5.
(d) 3,4 and 6.
(b) 2,4 and 6.
Ans c
57. Human activities in the recent past have caused the increased concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, but a lot of it does not remain in the lower atmosphere because of
1. Its escape into the outer stratosphere.
2. The photosynthesis by phytoplankton in the oceans.
3. The trapping of air in the polar ice caps.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 and 2
(b) 2 only
(c) 2 and 3
(d) 3 only
Ans b
58. If a tropical rain forest is removed, it does not regenerate quickly as compared to a tropical deciduous forest. This is because
(a) The soil of rain forest is deficient in nutrients.
(b) Propagules of the trees in a rain forest have poor viability.
(c) The rain forest species are slow-growing.
(d) Exotic species invade the fertile soil of rain forest.
Ans a
59. The Himalayan Range is very rich in species diversity. Which one among the following is the most appropriate reason for this phenomenon?
(a) It has a high rainfall that supports luxuriant vegetative growth.
(b) It is a confluence of different bio-geographical zones.
(c) Exotic and invasive species have not been invasive species have not been introduced in this region
(d) It has less human interference.
Ans b
84. Consider the following protected areas:
1. Bandipur
2. Bhitarkanika 4. Sundarbans
3. Manas
Which of the above are declared Tiger Reserves?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(c) 2, 3 and 4 only
(b) 1, 3 and 4 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Ans b
85. In which one among the following categories of protected areas in India are local people not allowed to collect and use the biomass?
(a) Biosphere reserves
(b) National parks
(c) Wetlands declared under Ramsar convention
(d) Wildlife sanctuaries
Ans b
86. Which one of the following groups of animals belongs to the category of endangered species?
(a) Great Indian bustard, Musk Deer, Red Panda and Asiatic Wild Ass
(b) Kashmir Stag, Cheetah, Blue Bull, Great Indian Bustard
(c) Snow Leopard, Swamp Deer, Rhesus Monkey, Saras (Crane)
(d) Lion Tailed Macaque, Blue Bull, Hanuman Langur, Cheetah
Ans a
87. The Millenium Ecosystem Assessment describes the following major categories of ecosystem services- provisioning, supporting, regulating, preserving and cultural. Which one of the following is supporting service?
(a) Production of food and water
(b) Control of climate and disease
(c) Nutrient Cycling and crop pollinator
(d) Maintenance of diversity
Ans c
88. What is the difference between the antelopes Oryx and Chiru?
(a) Oryx is adapted to live in hot and arid areas whereas Chiru is adapted to live in steppes and semi-desert areas of cold high mountains
(b) Oryx is poached for its antlers whereas Chiru is poached for its musk
(c) Oryx exists in western India only whereas Chiru exists in north east India only. Mulio
(d) None of the statements (a), (b) and (c) given above is correct.
Ans a
89. Which of the following can be threats to the biodiversity of a geographical area?
1. Global warming
2. Fragmentation of habitat
3. Invasion of alien species
4. Promotion of vegetarianism
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 4 only
(b) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Ans a
90. Consider the following:
1. Black necked crane
2. Cheetah
3. Flying squirrel
4. Snow leopard
Which of the above are naturally found in India?
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only (c) 2 and 4 only
(b) 1,3 and 4 only (d) 1, 2, 3and * 4
Ans b
91. Vultures used to be very common in Indian countryside some years ago are rarely seen nowadays. This is attributed to
(a) the destruction of their nesting sites by new invasive species
(b) a drug used by cattle owners for treating their diseased cattle
(c) scarcity of food available to them
(d) a widespread, persistant and fatal disease among them
Ans b
92. How does National Biodiversity Authority (NBA) help in protecting the Indian agriculture?
1. NBA checks the biopiracy and protects the indigenous and traditional genetic resources.
2. NBA directly monitors and supervises the scientific research on genetic modification of crop plants.
3. Applications for intellectual property rights related to genetic/ biological resources cannot be made without the approval of NBA.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1,2 and 3
Ans c
93. If National Water Mission is properly and completely implemented how will it impact the country?
1. Part of the water needs of urban areas will be met through recycling of waste water.
2. The water requirements of coastal cities with inadequate alternative sources of water will be met by adopting appropriate technologies that allow for the use of ocean water.
3. All the rivers of Himalayan origin will be linked to the rivers of peninsular India.
4. The expenses incurred by farmers for digging bore wells and for installing motors and pump sets to draw groundwater will be completely reimbursed by the Government.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below
(a) 1 only
(c) 3 and 4 only
(b) 1 and 2 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Ans b
94. Consider the following statements: Chlorofluorocarbons, known as ozone depleting substances are used
1. In the production of plastic foams
2. in the production of tubeless tyres
3. In cleaning certain electronic components
4. As pressurizing agents in aerosol cans
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1,2 and 3 only
(c) 1, 3 and 4 only
(b) 4 only
(d) 1, 2,3 and 4
Ans d
95. With reference to the wetlands of India, consider the following statements:
1. The country's total geographical area under the category of wetlands is recorded more in Gujarat
as compared to other states.
2. In India, the total geographical area of coastal wetlands is larger than that of inland wetlands.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
Ans a
96. Consider the following:
1. Star tortoise
2. Monitor lizard
3. Pygmy hog
4. Spider monkey
Which of the above found in India?
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 4 only
(d) 1, 2,3 and 4
Ans a
97. Consider the following animals:
1. Sea cow
2. Sea horse
3. Sea lion
Which of the above is/are mammal/mammals?
(a) 1 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(b) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Ans b
98. Consider the following pairs:
1. Nokrek Biosphere Reserve: Garo Hills
2. Logtak (Loktak) Lake: Barail Range 3. Namdapha National Park: Dafla Hills
Which of the above pairs is/are correctly matched?
(a) 1 only
(c) 1, 2 and 3
(b) 2 and 3 only
(d) None
Ans a
99. Which one of the following is the correct sequence of ecosystems in the order of decreasing productivity?
(a) Oceans, lakes, grasslands, mangroves
(b) Mangroves, oceans, grasslands, lakes
(c) Mangroves, grasslands, lakes, oceans
(d) Oceans, mangroves, lakes, grasslands
Ans c
100. Due to improper / indiscriminate disposal of old and used computers or their parts, which of the following are released into the environment as e-waste?
1. Beryllium
2. Cadmium
3. Chromium
4. Heptachlor
5. Mercury
6. Lead
7. Plutonium
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
(a) 1, 3, 4, 6 and 7 only
(b) 1, 2, 3,5 and 6 only
(c) 2, 4, 5 and 7 only
(d) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7
Ans b
101. Acid rain is caused by the pollution of environment by
(a) carbon dioxide and nitrogen
(b) carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide
(c) ozone and carbon dioxide
(d) nitrous oxide and sulphur dioxide
Ans d
102. With reference to food chains in ecosystems, consider the following statements:
1. A food chain illustrates the order in which a chain of organisms feed upon each other.
2. Food chains are found within the populations of a species.
3. A food chain illustrates the numbers of each organism which are eaten by others
Which of the statements given above is / are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 1, 2 and 3
(d) None
Ans a
103. Consider the following organisms:
1. Agaricus
2. Nostoc
3. Spirogyra
Which of the above is / are used as biofertilizer /biofertilizers
(a) 1 and 2
(c) 2 and 3
(b) 2 only
(d) 3 only
Ans a
104. Which of the following adds / add nitrogen to the soil?
1. Excretion of urea by animals
2. Burning of coal by man
3. Death of vegetation
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
(a) 1 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3 3
Ans c
105. In which of the following States is lion-tailed macaque found in its natural habitat? 2. Kerala
1. Tamil Nadu
2. Kerala
3. Karnataka
4. Andhra Pradesh
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only
(b) 2 only
(c) 1, 3 and 4 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Ans a
106. Which one of the following terms describes not only the physical space occupied by an organism but also its functional role in the community of organisms?
(a) Ecotone (c) Habitat
(b) Ecological niche (d) Home range
Ans b
107. Photochemical smog is a resultant of the reaction among
(a) NO, O, and peroxyacetyl nitrate in the presence of sunlight
(b) CO, 0 and peroxyacetyl nitrate in the presence of sunlight
(c) CO, CO, and NO, at low temperature
(d) High concentration of N*O_{2}*O_{3} and CO in the evening
Ans a
108. With reference to the food chains in ecosystems, which of the following kinds of organism is/are
known as decomposer organism/organisms?
1. Virus
2. Fungi
3. Bacteria
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Ans b
109. Consider the following fauna of India :
1. Gharial
2. Leatherback turtle
3. Swamp deer
Which of the above is/are endangered?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 3 only
(c) 1,2 and 3
(d) None
Ans c
110. Consider the following statements:
1. Animal Welfare Board of India is established under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.
2. National Tiger Conservation Authority is a statutory body.
3. National Ganga River Basin Authority is chaired by the Prime Minister.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 2 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Ans b
111. With reference to 'Eco-Sensitive Zones', which of the following statements is/are correct?
1. Eco-Sensitive Zones are the areas that are declared under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.
2. The purpose of the declaration of Eco-Sensitive Zones is to prohibit all kinds of human activities,
in those zones except agriculture.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
(c) Both 1 and 2
Ans d
114. The scientific view is that the increase in global temperature should not exceed 2 °C above pre- industrial level. If the global temperature increases beyond 3 °C above the pre-industrial level, what can be its possible impact/impacts on the world?
1. Terrestrial biosphere tends toward a net carbon source
2. Widespread coral mortality will occur.
3. All the global wetlands will permanently disappear.
4. Cultivation of cereals will not be possible anywhere in the world.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 2, 3 and 4 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Ans b
115. If you travel through the Himalayas, you are likely to see which of the following plants naturally growing there?
1. Oak
2. Rhododendron
3. Sandalwood
Select the correct answer using the code given below
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Ans a
116. Which of the following are some important pollutants released by steel industry in India?
1. Oxides of sulphur
2. Oxides of nitrogen
3. Carbon monoxide.
4. Carbon dioxide.
Select the correct answer
(a) 1, 3 and 4 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 4 only
(d) 1,2, 3 and 4
Ans d
117. With reference to Neem tree, consider the following statements:
1. Neem oil can be used as a pesticide to control the proliferation of some species of insects and mites.
2. Neem seeds are used in the manufacture of biofuels and hospital detergents.
3. Neem oil has applications in pharmaceutical industry. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(b) 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Ans c
118. Consider the following international agreements:
1. The International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture
2. The United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification
3. The World Heritage Convention Which of the above has / have a bearing on the biodiversity?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Ans d
119. Consider the following statements regarding 'Earth Hour':
1. It is an initiative of UNEP and UNESCO.
2. It is a movement in which the participants switch off the lights for one hour on a certain day every
year.
3. It is a movement to raise the awareness about the climate change and the need to save the planet.
Which of the statements given above is / are correct?
(a) 1 and 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(b) 2 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Ans c
120. Which one of the following is the correct sequence of a food chain?
(a) Diatoms-Crustaceans-Herrings
b) Crustaceans-Diatoms-Herrings
(c) Diatoms-Herrings-Crustaceans
(d) Crustaceans-Herrings-Diatoms
Ans a
121. If a wetland of international importance is brought under the 'Montreux Record', what does it imply?
(a) Changes in ecological character have occurred, are occurring or are likely to occur in the wetland as a result of human interference.
(b) The country in which the wetland is located should enact a law to prohibit any human activity within five kilo metres from the edge of the wetland
(c) The survival of the wetland depends on the cultural practices and traditions of certain communities living in its vicinity and therefore the cultural diversity therein should not be destroyed
(d) It is given the status of 'World Heritage Site'
Ans a
122. With reference to 'Global Environment Facility', which of the following statements is/are correct?
(a) It serves as financial mechanism for 'Convention on Biological Diversity' and 'United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change'
(b) It undertakes scientific research on environmental issues at global level
(c) It is an agency under OECD to facilitate the transfer of technology and funds to underdeveloped countries with specific aim to protect their environment.
(d) Both (a) and (b)
Ans a
123. Consider the following pairs
1. Dampa Tiger Reserve: Mizoram
2. Gumti Wildlife Sanctuary: Sikkim
3. Saramati Peak: Nagaland
Which of the above pairs is/are correctly matched?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Ans c
124. With reference to a conservation organization called Wetlands International', which of the following statements is/are correct?
1. It is an intergovernmental organization formed by the countries which are signatories to Ramsar
Convention.
2. It works at the field level to develop and mobilize
knowledge, and use the practical experience to advocate for better policies.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
Ans b
125. Other than poaching, what are the possible reasons for the decline in the population of Ganges River Dolphins?
1. Construction of dams and barrages on rivers
2. Increase in the population of crocodiles in rivers
3. Getting trapped in fishing nets accidentally
4. Use of synthetic fertilizers and other agricultural chemicals in crop-fields in the vicinity of rivers
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 and 2 only
(c) 1, 3 and 4 only
(b ) 2and * 3 only
(d) 1, 2, 3and * 4
Ans c
126. Brominated flame retardants are used in many household products like mattresses and upholstery. Why is there some concern about their use?
1. They are highly resistant to degradation in the environment.
2. They are able to accumulate in humans and animals.
Select the correct answer using the code given below :
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
Ans c
127. Which of the following adds/add carbon dioxide to the carbon cycle on the planet Earth?
1. Volcanic action
2. Respiration
3. Photosynthesis
4. Decay of organic matter
Select the correct answer using the code given below,
(a) 1 and 3 only
(b) 2 only
(c) 1, 2 and 4 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Ans c
128. If you walk through countryside, you are likely to see some birds stalking alongside the cattle to seize the insects, disturbed by their movement through grasses.
Which of the following is/are such bird/birds?
1. Painted Stork
2. Common Myna
3. Black-necked Crane
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 and 2
(b) 2 only
(c) 2 and 3
(d) 3 only
Ans b
129. Which one of the following National Parks has a climate that varies from tropical to subtropical, temperate and arctic?
(a) Khangchendzonga National park
(b) Nandadevi National Park
(c) Neora Valley National Park
(d) Namdapha National park
Ans d
130. 'Bio Carbon Fund Initiative for Sustainable Forest Landscapes' is managed by the
(a) Asian Development Bank
(b) International Monetary Fund
(c) United Nations Environment Programme
(d) World Bank
Ans d
131. With reference to Forest Carbon Partnership Facility, which of the following statements is/are correct?
1. It is global partnership of governments, businesses, civil society and indigenous peoples
2. It provides financial aid to universities, individual scientists and institutions involved in scientific forestry research to develop eco-friendly and climate adaptation technologies for sustainable forest management
3. It assists the countries in their 'REDD+ (Reducing Emission from Deforestation and Forest Degradation+)' efforts by providing them with financial and technical assistance.
Select the correct answer using the code given below
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Ans c
132. With reference to an organization known as 'Birdlife International' which of the following statements is/ are correct?
1. It is a Global Partnership of Conservation 12 Organizations.
2. The concept of 'biodiversity hotspots' originated from this organization.
3. It identifies the sites known/referred to as 'Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas'.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Ans c
133. Which one of the following is the best description of the term "ecosystem"?
(a) A community of organisms interacting with one another
(b) That part of the Earth which is inhabited by living organisms
(c) A community of organisms together with the environment in which they live.
(d) The flora and fauna of a geographical area.
Ans c
134. Which of the following National Parks is unique in being a swamp with floating vegetation that supports a rich biodiversity?
(a) Bhitarkanika National Park
(b) KeibulLamjao National Park
(c) Keoladeo Ghana National park
(d) Sultanpur National park
Ans b
135. With reference to the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) and the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), which of the following statements is/are correct?
1. IUCN is an organ of the United Nations and CITES is an international agreement between governments
2. IUCN runs thousands of field projects around the world to better manage natural environments.
3. CITES is legally binding on the States that have joined it, but this Convention does not take the place of national laws.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Ans b
136. With reference to 'dugong', a mammal found in India,
which of the following statements is/are correct?
1. It is a herbivorous marine animal.
2. It is found along the entire coast of India
3. It is given legal protection under Schedule 1 of the Wildlife (Protection) Act.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 and 2
(b) 2 only
(c) 1 and 3
(d) 3 only
Ans c
137. What is Rio+20 Conference, often mentioned in the news?
(a) It is the United nations Conference on Sustainable Development
(b) It is a Ministerial Meeting of the World Trade Organization
(c) It is a Conference of the Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change
(d) It is a Conference of the Member Countries of the Convention on Biological Diversity
Ans a
138. Which one of the following is associated with the issue of control and phasing out of the use of ozone- depleting substances?
(a) Bretton Woods Conference
(b) Montreal Protocol
(c) Kyoto Protocol
(d) Nagoya Protocol
Ans b
139. Which of the following statements regarding 'Green Climate Fund' is/are correct?
1. It is intended to assist the developing countries in adaptation and mitigation practices to counter climate change
2 It is founded under the aegis of UNEP, OECD, Asian Development Bank and World Bank. Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
Ans a
140. The term Intended Nationally Determined Contribution is sometimes seen in the news in the context of:
(a) Pledge made by the European countries to rehabilitate refugees from the war-affected Middle East.
(b) Plan of nation outlined by the countries of the world to combat climate changes.
(c) Capital contributed by the member countries in the establishment of Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank.
(d) Plan of action outlined by the countries of the regarding Sustainable Developments Goals.
Ans b
141. What is/are the importance/importances of the 'United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification?
1. It aims to promote effective action through innovative national programmes and supportive inter-national partnerships.
2. It has a special/particular focus on South Asia and North Africa regions, and its secretariat facilitates the allocation of major portion of financial resources to these regions.
3. It is committed to bottom-up approach, encouraging the participation of local people in combating the desertification. Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Ans c
142. In which of the following regions of India are you most likely to come across the 'Great Indian Hornbill' in its natural habitat?
(a) Sand deserts of northwest India
(b) Higher Himalayas of Jammu and Kashmir
(c) Salt marshes of western Gujarat
(d) Western Ghats
Ans d
143. Which of the following are the key features of 'National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA)'?
1. River basin is the unit of planning and management.
2. It spearheads the river conservation efforts at the national level.
3. One of the Chief Ministers of the State through which the Ganga flows becomes the Chairman of NGRBA on rotation basis.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Ans a
144. Consider the following pairs: Terms sometimes seen in the news Their origin
1. Annex-1 Countries: Cartagena Protocol
2. Certified Emissions Reductions: Nagoya Protocol
3. Clean Development Mechanism: Kyoto Protocol
Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(c) 3 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Ans c
147. With reference to an initiative called 'The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB)', which of the following statements is/are correct?
1. It is initiative hosted by UNEP, IMF and World Economic Forum.
2. It is a global initiative that focuses on drawing attention to the economic benefits of biodiversity.
3. It presents an approach that can help decision-makers recognize, demonstrate and capture the value of ecosystems and biodiversity.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 3 Only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Ans
Ans c
151. What is 'Greenhouse Gas Protocol?
(a) It is an international accounting tool for government and business leaders to understand, quantify and manage greenhouse gas emissions
(b) It is an initiative of the United Nations to offer financial incentives to developing countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to adopt eco-friendly technologies
(c) It is an inter-governments agreement ratified by all the member countries of the United Nations to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to specified levels by the year 2022.
(d) It is one of the multilateral REDD initiatives hosted by the World Bank.
Ans a
153. 'Gadgil Committee Report' and 'Kasturirangan Committee Report', sometimes seen in the news, are related to
(a) Constitutional reforms
(b) Ganga Action Plan
(c) Linking of rivers
(d) Protection of Western Ghats
Ans d
154. With reference to the Agreement at the UNFCCC Meeting in Paris in 2015, which of the following statements is/are correct?
1. The Agreement was signed by all the member countries of the UN and it will go into effect in 2017.
2. The Agreement aims to limit the greenhouse gas emissions so that the rise in average global temperature by the end of this century does not exceed 2°C or even 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels.
Biodiversity
3. Developed countries acknowledged their historical responsibility in global warming and committed to donate US $ 100 billion a year from 2020 to help developing countries to cope with climate change. Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 and 3 only
(b) 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Ans b
155. Consider the following statements:
1. The Sustainable Development Goals were first proposed in 1972 by a global think tank called the 'Club of Rome'.
2. The Sustainable Development Goals have to be achieved by 2030 Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
Ans b
156. According to the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, which of the following animals cannot be hunted by any person except under some provisions provided by law?
1. Gharial
2. Indian wild ass
3. Wild buffalo
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Ans d
157. If you want to see gharials in their natural habitat, which one of the following is the best place to visit?
(a) Bhitarkanika Mangroves
(b) Chambal River
(c) Pulicat Lake
(d) Deepor Beel
Ans
Ans b
158. Consider the following statements:
1. Climate and Clean Air Coalition (CCAC) to Reduce Short Lived Climate Pollutants is a unique initiative of G20 group of countries.
2. The CCAC focuses on methane, black carbon and hydrofluorocarbons. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
Ans b
159. From the ecological point of view, which one of the following assumes importance in being a good link between the Eastern Ghats and the Western Ghats?
(a) Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve
(b) Nallamala Forest
(c) Nagarhole National Park
(d) Seshachalam Biosphere Reserve
Ans a
160. In the context of solving pollution problems, what is/are the advantage/advantages of bioremediation technique?
1. It is a technique for cleaning up pollution by enhancing the same biodegradation process that occurs in nature.
2. Any contaminant with heavy metals such as cadmium and lead can be readily and completely treated by bioremediation using microorganisms.
3. Genetic engineering can be used to create microorganisms specifically designed for bioremediation.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Ans d
161. Due to some reasons, if there is a huge fall in the population of species of butterflies, what could be its likely consequence/consequences?
1. Pollination of some plants could be adversely affected.
2. There could be a drastic increase in the fungal infections of some cultivated plants.
3. It could lead to a fall in the population of some species of wasps, spiders and birds. Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Ans c
162. In the context of mitigating the impending global warming due to anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide, which of the following can be the potential sites for carbon sequestration?
1. Abandoned and uneconomic coal seams
2. Depleted oil and gas reservoirs
3. Subterranean deep saline formations
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Ans d
163. In India, if a species of tortoise is declared protected under Schedule 1 of the Wildlife (Protection) Act,1972, what does it imply?
(a) It enjoys the same level of protection as the tiger.
(b) It no longer exists in the wild, a few individuals are under captive protection; and now it is impossible to prevent its extinction.
(c) It is endemic to a particular region of India.
(d) Both (b) and (c) stated above are correct in this context.
Ans a
164. Recently there was a proposal to translocate some of the lions from their natural habitat in Gujarat to which one of the following sites?
(a) Corbett National Park
(b) Kuno Palpur Wildlife Sanctuary
(c) Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary
(d) Sariska National Park
Ans b
165. How is the National Green Tribunal (NGT) differ- ent from the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB)?
1. The NGT has been established by an Act whereas the CPCB has been created by an executive order of the Government.
2. The NGT provides environmental justice and helps reduce the burden of litigation in the higher courts whereas the CPCB promotes cleanliness of streams and wells, and aims to improve the quality of air in the country.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
Ans b
166. The term "sixth mass extinction/sixth extinction" is often mentioned in the news in the context of the discussion of
(a) Widespread monoculture practices in agricul- ture and large-scale commercial farming with indiscriminate use of chemicals in many parts of the world that may result in the loss of good native ecosystems.
(b) Fears of a possible collision of a meteorite with the Earth in the near future in the manner it happened 65 million years ago that caused the mass extinction of many species including those of dinosaurs.
(c) Large scale cultivation of genetically modified crops in many parts of the world and promoting their cultivation in other parts of the world which may cause the disappearance of good native crop plants and the loss of food biodiversity.
(d) Mankind's over-exploitation/misuse of natural resources, fragmentation/loss of natural habi- tats, destruction of ecosystems, pollution and glo- bal climate change.
Ans d
167. Which of the following statements best describes "carbon fertilization"?
(a) Increased plant growth due to increased concen- tration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
(b) Increased temperature of Earth due to increased concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere (c) Increased acidity of oceans as a result of increased concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
(d) Adaptation of all living beings on Earth to the climate change brought about by the increased concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
Ans a
168. The Partnership for Action on Green Economy (PAGE), a UN mechanism to assist countries transition towards greener and more inclusive economies, emerged at
(a) The Earth Summit on Sustainable Develop- ment 2002, Johannesburg
(b) The United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development 2012, Rio de Janeiro
(c) The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 2015, Paris
(d) The World Sustainable Development Summit 2016, New Delhi
Ans b
169. Why is a plant called Prosopis juliflora often men- tioned in news?
(a) Its extract is widely used in cosmetics.
(b) It tends to reduce the biodiversity in the area in which it grows.
(c) Its extract is used in the synthesis of pesticides.
(d) None of the above
Ans b
170. "Momentum for Change: Climate Neutral Now" is an initiative launched by
(a) The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
(b) The UNEP Secretariat
(c) The UNFCCC Secretariat
(d) The World Meteorological Organization
Ans c